Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33222721›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2021

Early consumption of ultra-processed foods among children under 2 years old in Brazil.

Ana Maria Spaniol, Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa, Amanda de Moura Souza, Muriel Bauermann Gubert

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Biocultural Determinants of Mothers' Complementary Feeding Decisions in the Urban Brazilian Amazon.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Ana Maria SpaniolPostgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition - NESNUT, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-4017-9597
Teresa Helena Macedo da CostaDepartment of Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
Amanda de Moura SouzaInstitute of Collective Health Studies, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon, 550-Cidade Universitária, 21941-901Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Muriel Bauermann GubertDepartment of Nutrition, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition - NESNUT, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70910-900Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
Universidade de Brasília · BRUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro · BR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the complementary food consumption according to the extent and purpose of food processing based on NOVA classification among children aged 6-24 months of Federal District, Brazil.

designWe performed a cross-sectional study using a 24-h recall to estimate the daily energy intake and nutrients according to NOVA classification. We conducted a linear regression to assess the association between the processed and ultra-processed foods (UPF) energy intake and the daily energy intake from saturated fat, daily energy intake from total sugars and daily intake of sodium.

settingFederal District, Brazil.

participantsFive hundred and thirty-eight children aged between 6 and 24 months attended at Primary Health Care Units from March 2017 to March 2018.

resultsOn average, children aged from 6 to 12 and from 12 to 24 months consumed 2393 and 4054 kJ/d, respectively, and processed and UPF represented one-third of dietary energy intake. Group 2 (processed and UPF) was higher carbohydrate contributors, and lower protein, fibre and most micronutrient contributors, when compared with Group 1 (unprocessed, minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients). In addition, the higher the energy intake from processed and UPF, the higher was the daily energy intake from saturated fat, daily energy intake from total sugar and daily intake of sodium.

conclusionChildren are being exposed early to processed and UPF and their share affect the diet's nutritional quality.

Indexed as

Energy IntakeFast FoodsBrazilChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesDietFood HandlingHumansInfantChildrenComplementary feedingNOVA classificationUltra-processed foods

Identifiers

PMID33222721
PMCPMC10195384
OpenAlexW3107657274

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.