ReviewPsychopharmacology2021
Cannabidiol: pharmacology and therapeutic targets.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06578455 (A Randomized, Open-Label, 4-Way Crossover, Pharmacokinetic Study to Compare CBD-NE to Epidyolex in Healthy Adult Volunteers Under Both Fed and Fasted Conditions), which is not on this map. Cited by 145 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Open-Label, 4-Way Crossover, Pharmacokinetic Study to Compare CBD-NE to Epidyolex in Healthy Adult Volunteers Under Both Fed and Fasted Conditions
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 288 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulating the endocannabinoid system in alcohol use disorder: A translational systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and human studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of cannabidiol on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The Role of Cannabidiol in Liver Disease: A Systemic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Cannabidiol effects in stem cells: A systematic review.BioFactors (Oxford, England)Pooled it
- An opioid-withholding human laboratory paradigm during opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder and chronic pain: Phase- and dose-dependent effects of cannabidiol.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- The effect of nightly use of 150 mg cannabidiol on daytime neurocognitive performance in primary insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial.Psychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Trial
- The acute effects of cannabis with and without cannabidiol in adults and adolescents: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experiment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Trial
- The Endocannabinoid System in Endometriosis-Associated Pain: Mechanisms, Molecular Targets, and Therapeutic Implications.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Cannabigerol and standardized full-spectrum cannabis extract effects in acute and chronic inflammatory pain models.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- [Psychiatric aspects of commercially available products containing cannabidiol].Der Nervenarzt · 2026Review
- Whole-Cell Transformation of Cannabidiol by Selected Filamentous Fungi into Novel Polar Derivatives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Epigenetic Patterns in Endocannabinoid System Genes Following High-Altitude Exposure: An Exploratory Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Modulatory Effects of Bioactive Phytoconstituents on the Amplitude and Gating Properties of Membrane Ion Channels.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Pro- But Not Antinociceptive Effects of Cannabidiol Depend on Trpa1b in Larval Zebrafish.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- UK Medical Cannabis Registry: A Clinical Outcomes Analysis for Migraine.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Not what it seems: analytical validation and label accuracy of commercial CBD oils using HPTLC.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Sex and dose-dependent effects of cannabidiol on cocaine consumption in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Active Polysaccharide Films IncorporatingMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential of acidic cannabinoids: an update.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Review
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleCannabidiol (CBD) products lacking regulatory approval are being used to self-treat a myriad of conditions and for their unsubstantiated health benefits. The scientific evidence supporting these claims largely arises not from controlled clinical trials, but from the recognition that CBD has numerous biological targets. Yet, CBD is commonly consumed and often in over-the-counter products that are unapproved and of unknown composition. Epidiolex® is the only product that has undergone rigorous pharmacokinetic assessment and testing in clinical trials; it was approved as a non-scheduled drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of intractable childhood-onset seizures. However, studies investigating CBD for other medical conditions are limited in number and often lack the scientific rigor, controls, or sample sizes required to draw clinically meaningful conclusions. Although Epidiolex® is safe for human consumption, recent changes in regulation of commercially available CBD products have resulted in limited quality control and products marketed with unknown CBD bioavailability. Even scientifically rigorous studies have used different sources of CBD and different suspension vehicles for administration, making it difficult to compare results among studies and resolve mixed outcomes.
objectivesThis paper reviews the molecular targets, pharmacokinetics, and safety and abuse liability of CBD; additionally, the extant evidence on its potential therapeutic effects for neurological disorders, pain, inflammation, conditions related to immune function, psychiatric disorders, and substance use are described.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.