Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33221721›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021

Self-Harm and Suicidality in US College Students: Associations with Emotional Exhaustion versus Multiple Psychiatric Symptoms.

Hung-Chu Lin, Manyu Li, Courtney Stevens, Stephanie Pinder-Amaker, Justin A Chen, Cindy H Liu

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Suicidality, Psychological Inflexibility, and Emotional Resilience Among Black College Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Hung-Chu LinUniversity of Louisiana at Lafayette. Electronic address: hung-chu.lin@louisiana.edu.
Manyu LiUniversity of Louisiana at Lafayette.
Courtney StevensWillamette University.
Stephanie Pinder-AmakerMcLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
Justin A ChenMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
Cindy H LiuBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
Harvard University · USUniversity of Louisiana at Lafayette · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USWillamette University · US

Funding

Maternal Psychosis and Stress as Risks for Offspring Behavioral ImpairmentK23MH107714 · NIMH · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI LIU, CINDY H · 2016 to 2020
$765k
NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH107714
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed at describing self-harm and suicidality (SHS) in relation to unobserved heterogeneous groups of college students based on their psychiatric symptoms. SHS of each latent class were examined by race/ethnicity to inform risk factors relevant to subgroups of U.S. college population.

methodsThe participants (N = 42,779) were drawn from the Spring 2017 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II (ACHA-NCHA II) Reference Group. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted based on participants' reports of past-year psychiatric symptoms. The reported SHS were examined by the latent class of students and their race/ethnicity.

resultsLCA identified two latent classes: The Emotional Exhaustion (EE) class and the Multiple Psychiatric Symptoms (MPS) class. Within the EE class, Black students were at the greatest risk for exhibiting suicide intent and attempted suicide. Within the MPS class, Multiracial students showed the highest odds of self-harm and suicidal intent, and Black students showed the highest odds of attempted suicide, followed by Asians/Pacific Islanders. LIMITATIONS: The findings were based on a cross-sectional dataset that did not inform the temporal relations of psychiatric symptoms and SHS.

conclusionsUtilizing a person-centered latent class analysis, this study revealed that Black students were of the greatest concern for SHS among those who reported only common symptoms of emotional exhaustion. The findings highlight the importance of developing preventive and remedial models that address unique risk factors and mental health needs for various subgroups of U.S. college population.

Indexed as

Self-Injurious BehaviorSuicideCross-Sectional StudiesHumansStudentsSuicidal IdeationSuicide, AttemptedUnited StatesUniversitiesMental healthPreventionRace/ethnicitySelf-harmSuicideUniversities

Identifiers

PMID33221721
PMCPMC7799391
OpenAlexW3103266293

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.