Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33221318›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of pharmacology2021

An overview of viruses discovered over the last decades and drug development for the current pandemic.

Agha Zeeshan Mirza, Hina Shamshad, Faisal Abdulrhman Osra, Turki M Habeebullah, Moataz Morad

Open access · greenAbstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. DivergentViruses · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Agha Zeeshan MirzaChemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: dr.zeeshan80@gmail.com.
Hina ShamshadResearch Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
Faisal Abdulrhman OsraDepartment of Civil Engineering, Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Turki M HabeebullahDepartment of Environment and Health Research, Custodian of Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Moataz MoradChemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Umm al-Qura University · SAUniversity of Karachi · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the discovery of the yellow fever virus in 1901, thus far, two hundred nineteen viral species are recognized as human pathogens. Each year, the number of viruses causing infections in humans increases, triggering epidemics and pandemics, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Pointing to bats as the natural host, in 2019, a genome highly identical to a bat coronavirus (COVID-19) spread all over the world, and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially confirmed it as a pandemic. The virus mainly spreads through the respiratory tract, uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor, and is characterized by symptoms of fever, cough, and fatigue. Antivirals and vaccines have provided improvements in some cases, but the discovery of a new and diverse variety of viruses with outbreaks has posed a challenge in timely treatments for medical scientists. Currently, few specific antiviral strategies are being used, and many of the effective antiviral drugs and reported active molecules are under vital exploration. In this review, with the details of viral diseases, we summarize the current attempts in drug development, epidemiology, and the latest treatments and scientific advancements to combat the COVID-19 epidemic. Moreover, we discuss ways to reduce epidemics and pandemics in the near future.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntiviral AgentsComputer SimulationDrug DevelopmentHistory, 18th CenturyHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansPandemicsViral VaccinesVirus DiseasesAntiviral AgentsViral Vaccines3D structure analysisCovid-19HIVMERS-CoVSARSViruses

Identifiers

PMID33221318
PMCPMC8711773
OpenAlexW3110508250

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.