Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021
The rewarding recovery study: a randomized controlled trial of incentives for alcohol and drug abstinence with a rural American Indian community.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07208266 (Contingency Management as a Behavioral Intervention for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Contingency Management as a Behavioral Intervention for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder : Implementation and Efficacy in the Inpatient Setting at Assiut University Hospital.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concurrent alcohol and smoking use among American Indian and Alaska Native adults participating in a contingency management clinical trial for alcohol use disorder.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Testing adaptations to contingency management for alcohol use disorders: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2025Trial
- A randomized controlled trial to assess whether a telehealth-based contingency management intervention reduces alcohol use for individuals with alcohol use disorder.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Trial
- Feasibility of a telehealth-based contingency management intervention for alcohol use disorders using the phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 16:0/18:1 alcohol biomarker: a pilot randomized trial.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Trial
- Culturally tailored digital therapeutic for substance use disorders with urban Indigenous people in the United States: A randomized controlled study.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Trial
- Contingency management for alcohol use disorder reduces cannabis use among American Indian and Alaska Native adults.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Trial
- Investigating Secondary Alcohol Outcomes in a Contingency Management Intervention among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Coverage Limitations for Use of Urine Drug Testing in a State Medicaid Program.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Addressing substance use and mental illness among Quinault Indian Nation adolescents and young adults: community perspectives on community and cultural connection.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Methamphetamine Use, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Substance Use Consequences Among American Indians with a Substance Use Problem.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Development and Feasibility Pilot Study of Indigenous Recovery Planning: A Community-Engaged Approach to Addressing Substance Use in a Native Community.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024Article
- American Indian and Alaska Native recruitment strategies for health-related randomized controlled trials: A scoping review.PloS one · 2024Article
- Participant perspectives on incentives for TB preventative therapy adherence and reduced alcohol use: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- The urgent need for contingency management among Tribal communities in the United States: Considerations for implementation, policy, and sovereignty.Preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Coming together for something good: recommendations from a scoping review for dissemination and implementation science to improve indigenous substance use disorder treatment.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- A qualitative exploration of young adults' perceptions of a new intervention for alcohol use disorder.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- 'Even though you hate everything that's going on, you know they are safer at home': The role of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families in methamphetamine use harm reduction and their own support needs.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo test if contingency management (CM) interventions for alcohol and drug abstinence were associated with increased alcohol and drug abstinence among American Indian adults with alcohol dependence who also use drugs.
designIn this 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial, American Indian adults with alcohol dependence who also used drugs were randomized to four conditions: (1) incentives for submission of urine samples only (control condition), (2) CM incentives for alcohol abstinence, (3) CM incentives for drug abstinence or (4) CM incentives for abstinence from both alcohol and drugs.
settingA Northern Plains Reservation in the United States.
participantsA total of 114 American Indian adults aged 35.8 years (standard deviation = 10.4); 49.1% were male. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Participants received incentives if they demonstrated abstinence from alcohol (CM for alcohol, n = 30), abstinence from their most frequently used drug (CM for drugs, n = 27) or abstinence from both alcohol and their most frequently used drug (CM for alcohol and drugs, n = 32) as assessed by urine tests. Controls (n = 25) received incentives for submitting urine samples only. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were urine ethyl glucuronide (alcohol) and drug tests conducted three times per week during the 12-week intervention period. Data analyses included listwise deletion and multiple imputation to account for missing data.
findingsThe three CM groups were significantly (P < 0.05) more likely to submit alcohol-abstinent urine samples compared with the control condition, with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 to 4.8. The CM for drugs (OR = 3.2) and CM for alcohol and drugs (OR = 2.5) were significantly more likely to submit urine samples that indicated drug abstinence, relative to the control condition (P < 0.05). However, these differences were not significant in multiple imputation analyses (P > 0.05).
conclusionsContingency management (CM) incentives for abstinence were associated with increased alcohol abstinence in American Indian adults diagnosed with alcohol dependence who also used drugs, living on a rural reservation. The effect of CM incentives on drug abstinence was inconclusive.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.