ArticleClinical oral implants research2021
Thermal effects of various drill materials during implant site preparation-Ceramic vs. stainless steel drills: A comparative in vitro study in a standardised bovine bone model.
Article in Clinical oral implants research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of internal irrigation versus external and combined irrigation during dental implant bed preparation, a systematic review.International journal of implant dentistry · 2026Pooled it
- Thermal evaluation of pilot- and partially guided implant surgery - an in vitro study using automated robotic drilling.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- The interactive effect of bone density and drill type on heat generated during drilling of dental implant osteotomy: a single versus sequential drills in vitro experiment.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of cutting edge integrity, surface degradation, and material loss in four implant drilling systems: an in vitro investigation in bovine rib bone.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Comparative evaluation of intraosseous temperature and drilling time using four different drill designs in implant site preparation.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Heat generation during osteotomy performed with ultrasonic insert versus rotary instrument in bovine femur: ex vivo comparison.Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL · 2025Article
- A Comparative In Vitro Study on Heat Generation with Static Guided and Conventional Implant Bed Preparation Using Stainless Steel Twist Drills and a Standardized Bovine Model.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Microscopic Analysis and Evaluation of Thermal Elevation and Wear of Drills for Implant Site Preparation: An In Vitro Study.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Effect of Dental Implant Drills Materials on Heat Generation in Osteotomy Sites: A Systematic Review.European journal of dentistry · 2024Article
- The 3D Printing and Evaluation of Surgical Guides with an Incorporated Irrigation Channel for Dental Implant Placement.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Heat Generation During Initial Osteotomy for Implant Site Preparation: An In Vitro Measurement Study.Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery · 2023Article
- Effect of repeated use of an implant handpiece on an output torque: AnThe journal of advanced prosthodontics · 2021Article
- Thermal effects of various drill materials during implant site preparation-Ceramic vs. stainless steel drills: A comparative in vitro study in a standardised bovine bone model.Clinical oral implants research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate thermal effects of ceramic and metal implant drills during implant site preparation using a standardised bovine model. MATERIAL AND
methodsA total of 320 automated intermittent osteotomies of 10- and 16-mm drilling depths were performed using zirconium dioxide-based and stainless steel drills. Various drill diameters (2.0/ 2.2, 2.8, 3.5, 4.2 mm ∅) and different cooling methods (without/ with external saline irrigation) were investigated at room temperature (21 ± 1°C). Temperature changes were recorded in real time using two custom-built multichannel thermoprobes in 1- and 2-mm distance to the osteotomy site. For comparisons, a linear mixed model was estimated.
resultsComparing thermal effects, significantly lower temperatures could be detected with steel-based drills in various drill diameters, regardless of drilling depth or irrigation method. Recorded temperatures for metal drills of all diameters and drilling depths using external irrigation were below the defined critical temperature threshold of 47°C, whereas ceramic drills of smaller diameters reached or exceeded the harmful temperature threshold at 16-mm drilling depths, regardless of whether irrigation was applied or not. The results of this study suggest that the highest temperature changes were not found at the deepest point of the osteotomy site but were observed at subcortical and deeper layers of bone, depending on drill material, drill diameter, drilling depth and irrigation method.
conclusionsThis standardised investigation revealed drill material and geometry to have a substantial impact on heat generation, as well as external irrigation, drilling depth and drill diameter.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.