ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2020
Clinical and Multimodal Imaging Findings and Risk Factors for Ocular Involvement in a Presumed Waterborne Toxoplasmosis Outbreak, Brazil
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for recurrences and visual impairment in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Risk Factors and Ocular Health Associated with Toxoplasmosis inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy for Human Toxoplasmosis: Performance, Populations, and Validation Gaps.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic Signature and IFN-γ Production Dominate CD4Immunology · 2025Article
- Risk factors for ocular toxoplasmosis among uveitis patients in Kinshasa, DR Congo.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Amplify the Innate and Adaptive Response.mBio · 2021Article
- Toxoplasma gondii in South America: a differentiated pattern of spread, population structure and clinical manifestations.Parasitology research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2015, an outbreak of presumed waterborne toxoplasmosis occurred in Gouveia, Brazil. We conducted a 3-year prospective study on a cohort of 52 patients from this outbreak, collected clinical and multimodal imaging findings, and determined risk factors for ocular involvement. At baseline examination, 12 (23%) patients had retinochoroiditis; 4 patients had bilateral and 2 had macular lesions. Multimodal imaging revealed 2 distinct retinochoroiditis patterns: necrotizing focal retinochoroiditis and punctate retinochoroiditis. Older age, worse visual acuity, self-reported recent reduction of visual acuity, and presence of floaters were associated with retinochoroiditis. Among patients, persons >40 years of age had 5 times the risk for ocular involvement. Five patients had recurrences during follow-up, a rate of 22% per person-year. Recurrences were associated with binocular involvement. Two patients had late ocular involvement that occurred >34 months after initial diagnosis. Patients with acquired toxoplasmosis should have long-term ophthalmic follow-up, regardless of initial ocular involvement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.