ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2021
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spectrum of JC virus-related disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 206 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 353 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- Central nervous system complications after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: best practice recommendations from the EBMT practice harmonisation and guidelines committee on epidemiology, outcome and neuroimaging.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Guideline
- Neurological manifestations in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Drug-Induced Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Drug safety · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical and imaging features of lymphomatosis cerebri: analysis of 8 cases and systematic review of the literature.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Disease-modifying therapies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2021Pooled it
- A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an adult patient with ADA-SCID.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Bispecific Antibodies Are Associated With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Bispecific antibody therapy in multiple myeloma and risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Pembrolizumab in people with HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a retrospective case series.Infection · 2026Article
- PD-1 regulates CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Characteristics of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in hematological malignancies, With reference to HIV-infected patients.International journal of hematology · 2026Article
- Review
- Brain Immune Cell Composition in Multiple Sclerosis and Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy After Natalizumab: An Immunohistochemical Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Current Perspectives on JC Polyomavirus Transmission and Associated Diseases: Implications for Prevention in Risk Populations.Viruses · 2026Review
- Review
- Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on the activation of pathogenic CD4 + T cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Review
- Broad-acting antivirals: the pursuit of pan-viral therapeutics in the era of pandemics.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Pathogens of the human central nervous system-the major viral pathogens.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a devastating CNS infection caused by JC virus (JCV), a polyomavirus that commonly establishes persistent, asymptomatic infection in the general population. Emerging evidence that PML can be ameliorated with novel immunotherapeutic approaches calls for reassessment of PML pathophysiology and clinical course. PML results from JCV reactivation in the setting of impaired cellular immunity, and no antiviral therapies are available, so survival depends on reversal of the underlying immunosuppression. Antiretroviral therapies greatly reduce the risk of HIV-related PML, but many modern treatments for cancers, organ transplantation and chronic inflammatory disease cause immunosuppression that can be difficult to reverse. These treatments - most notably natalizumab for multiple sclerosis - have led to a surge of iatrogenic PML. The spectrum of presentations of JCV-related disease has evolved over time and may challenge current diagnostic criteria. Immunotherapeutic interventions, such as use of checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell transfer, have shown promise but caution is needed in the management of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, an exuberant immune response that can contribute to morbidity and death. Many people who survive PML are left with neurological sequelae and some with persistent, low-level viral replication in the CNS. As the number of people who survive PML increases, this lack of viral clearance could create challenges in the subsequent management of some underlying diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.