ArticleAutophagy2021
Alternative mitochondrial quality control mediated by extracellular release.
Article in Autophagy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting FOSL1-KCa3.1 inhibits ferroptosis and cartilage destruction by suppressing mitochondrial hyperfusion.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Surface Marker Profiling Reveals Immune Cell-Associated Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Alterations in Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Roles of mitophagy and immune infiltration in Parkinson's disease: new perspectives from bioinformatics analysis and A53T transgenic mice.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Rethinking Mitochondria: The Extracellular Dimension.Circulation research · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Transfer: From Bench to Bedside.Circulation research · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis-autophagy crosstalk in bladder cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Identification and Ultrastructural Peculiarities of Nestin-Carrying Progenitor Cells in Kidney.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Tmem110 regulates the conformation of TRPML1 to maintain endolysosomal homeostasis and prevent mitochondrial DNA leakage and pathological self-DNA processing.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mitochondria transfer in tissue homeostasis and diseases.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial components secretion in extracellular vesicles promotes alveolar epithelial mitochondrial quality control.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Blockade of mitochondrial components release by exosome pathway promotes the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- CSF Mitochondrial DNA: Biomarker of Body Composition and Energy Metabolism in Parkinson's Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Neuroprotection in neonatal Hypoxia-ischaemia: melatonin targets NCX1 to inhibit mitochondrial autophagy via the PINK1-Parkin pathway.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Transcriptional Signatures of Aerobic Exercise-Induced Muscle Adaptations in Humans.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Excessive mitochondrial fission and associated extracellular mitochondria mediate cardiac dysfunction in obesity cardiomyopathy.Life sciences · 2025Article
- Autophagic stress activates distinct compensatory secretory pathways in neurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Biotechnological approaches and therapeutic potential of mitochondria transfer and transplantation.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Iron Metabolism and Muscle Aging: Where Ferritinophagy Meets Mitochondrial Quality Control.Cells · 2025Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control, which is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, has been considered to be achieved exclusively through mitophagy. Here we report an alternative mitochondrial quality control pathway mediated by extracellular mitochondria release. By performing time-lapse confocal imaging on a stable cell line with fluorescent-labeled mitochondria, we observed release of mitochondria from cells into the extracellular space. Correlative light-electron microscopy revealed that majority of the extracellular mitochondria are in free form and, on rare occasions, some are enclosed in membrane-surrounded vesicles. Rotenone- and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone-induced mitochondrial quality impairment promotes the extracellular release of depolarized mitochondria. Overexpression of PRKN (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase), which has a pivotal role in mitophagy regulation, suppresses the extracellular mitochondria release under basal and stress condition, whereas its knockdown exacerbates it. Correspondingly, overexpression of PRKN-independent mitophagy regulators, BNIP3 (BCL2 interacting protein 3) and BNIP3L/NIX (BCL2 interacting protein 3 like), suppress extracellular mitochondria release. Autophagy-deficient cell lines show elevated extracellular mitochondria release. These results imply that perturbation of mitophagy pathway prompts mitochondria expulsion. Presence of mitochondrial protein can also be detected in mouse sera. Sera of PRKN-deficient mice contain higher level of mitochondrial protein compared to that of wild-type mice. More importantly, fibroblasts and cerebrospinal fluid samples from Parkinson disease patients carrying loss-of-function
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.