ArticleBiomedicines2020
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression.
Article in Biomedicines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Cytokine Variations After Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy Across Periodontal Stages and Grades.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Cytokine Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum After Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Patients with Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Microbiological and Metabolomic Analysis of Biomarkers for Grades A and B in Stage II Periodontitis.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on NLRP3, Nrf2, Caspase-1, interleukin-1B, interleukin-18 in gingival crevicular fluid of severe periodontitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Glycemic Control, Inflammatory Mediators, and Periodontal Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Patients with Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers During Periodontitis Progression and After Periodontal Treatment.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Article
- Salivary and serum inflammatory biomarkers during periodontitis progression and after treatment.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2024Article
- Clinical effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in the periodontal treatment of smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis: a retrospective study.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Impact of Inflammatory Markers and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid on the Outcomes of Periodontal Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Gingival crevicular fluid galectin-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels in stage 3 periodontitis with grade B and C.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Models for Oral Biology Research.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Comparing Ionic Profile of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva as Distinctive Signature of Severe Periodontitis.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Association of the Unstimulated Whole Salivary Cytokine IL-1β Levels with Initial, Moderate and Severe Periodontitis. A Case Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Effect of Acknowledged and Novel Anti-Rheumatic Therapies on Periodontal Tissues-A Narrative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- B cell activating factor regulates periodontitis development by suppressing inflammatory responses in macrophages.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- Bidirectional Association between Metabolic Control in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis Inflammatory Burden: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Italian Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical criteria are inappropriate to measure the degree of susceptibility to progression of periodontal damage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess whether gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of cytokines could discriminate patients suffering from stage III periodontitis with moderate (Grade B) and rapid rates of progression (Grade C) prior to and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF samples were obtained from moderate and deep sites of 20 patients diagnosed as Grade B and 20 patients as grade C stage III periodontitis and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using a high-sensitivity Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. At baseline, higher IL-1β but lower IL-9 GCF levels were observed in moderate sites of the grade C compared to the grade B group. In spite of comparable clinical improvement, this difference maintained after treatment, suggesting a residual pro-inflammatory state. In deep sites, no differences were observed between periodontitis groups except for VEGF levels that decreased more in Grade B periodontitis at 6 months post-therapy. A mathematical model was constructed to identify Grade C periodontitis patients based on the subjects' GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-9, which achieved an area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.94. This study can contribute to the early assessment of risk of future breakdown in periodontitis patients.
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