SynthesisChest2021
Incidence of VTE and Bleeding Among Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Chest, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05028244 (Systematic Ultrasound Screening for Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in ICU Patients With Severe COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 280 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Systematic Ultrasound Screening for Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in ICU Patients With Severe COVID-19: a Randomized Clinical Trial.
Who cites it
280 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 469 citations in OpenAlex.
- American Society of Hematology living guidelines on use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis for patients with COVID-19: executive summary.Blood advances · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- SEOM clinical guidelines on venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cancer (2023).Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Guideline
- Effect of anticoagulation on the incidence of venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: an updated meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of two heparin regimens for prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Use of anticoagulants in patients with COVID-19: a living systematic review and meta-analysis.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2022Pooled it
- Prophylactic vs Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Predictors of bleeding and thrombotic events among patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer: insights from the ACTION randomized clinical trial.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2024Trial
- Safety and efficacy of sirolimus in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Respiratory investigation · 2024Trial
- Initial therapeutic anticoagulation with rivaroxaban compared to prophylactic therapy with heparins in moderate to severe COVID-19: results of the COVID-PREVENT randomized controlled trial.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2023Trial
- A randomized controlled trial to evaluate outcomes with Aggrenox in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Randomized Study of Rivaroxaban vs Placebo on Disease Progression and Symptoms Resolution in High-Risk Adults With Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Aspirin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Atorvastatin versus placebo in patients with covid-19 in intensive care: randomized controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- Global burden of venous thromboembolism: incidence and outcome estimates of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Trends in Comorbidity for Patients with Venous Thromboembolism in a General Hospital: 2018 to 2022.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Association Between ABO Blood Group, COVID-19 Status, and Early Respiratory Outcomes in Acute Pulmonary Embolism: An Interaction Analysis.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Intermediate- versus prophylactic-dose heparin for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: an updated meta-analysis of randomised trials.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Adjudicated Cardiovascular Events in Patients With COVID-19: Association With Vaccination Status and Changes over Time.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Clinical utility of Thromboelastography in patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Observational
220 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndividual studies have reported widely variable rates for VTE and bleeding among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the incidence of VTE and bleeding among hospitalized patients with COVID-19?
methodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, 15 standard sources and COVID-19-specific sources were searched between January 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020, with no restriction according to language. Incidence estimates were pooled by using random effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was evaluated by using the I
resultsThe pooled incidence was 17.0% (95% CI, 13.4-20.9) for VTE, 12.1% (95% CI, 8.4-16.4) for DVT, 7.1% (95% CI, 5.3-9.1) for pulmonary embolism (PE), 7.8% (95% CI, 2.6-15.3) for bleeding, and 3.9% (95% CI, 1.2-7.9) for major bleeding. In subgroup meta-analyses, the incidence of VTE was higher when assessed according to screening (33.1% vs 9.8% by clinical diagnosis), among patients in the ICU (27.9% vs 7.1% in the ward), in prospective studies (25.5% vs 12.4% in retrospective studies), and with the inclusion of catheter-associated thrombosis/isolated distal DVTs and isolated subsegmental PEs. The highest pooled incidence estimate of bleeding was reported for patients receiving intermediate- or full-dose anticoagulation (21.4%) and the lowest in the only prospective study that assessed bleeding events (2.7%).
interpretationAmong hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the overall estimated pooled incidence of VTE was 17.0%, with higher rates with routine screening, inclusion of distal DVT, and subsegmental PE, in critically ill patients and in prospective studies. Bleeding events were observed in 7.8% of patients and were sensitive to use of escalated doses of anticoagulants and nature of data collection. Additional studies are required to ascertain the significance of various thrombotic events and to identify strategies to improve patient outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRY: PROSPERO; No.: CRD42020198864; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.