ArticleCell host & microbe2021
Identification of Natural CRISPR Systems and Targets in the Human Microbiome.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innovative approaches in the treatment of hematologic malignancies: the role of CRISPR-engineered microbiomes along the gut-immune axis in immunotherapy development.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Bacterial immune systems as causes and consequences of microbiome structure.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- MAGdb: a comprehensive high quality MAGs repository for exploring microbial metagenome-assemble genomes.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Global biogeography of airborne viruses in public transit systems and their host interactions.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Bacterial evolution in the oral microbiome: the role of conjugative elements and horizontal gene transfer.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Design of function-regulating RNA via deep learning and AlphaFold 3.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Human Health.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Review
- Characterisation of novelJournal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- Metagenomic sequencing of CRISPRs as a new marker to aid in personal identification with low-biomass samples.mSystems · 2024Article
- The oral microbiome: diversity, biogeography and human health.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- A genomic catalogue of soil microbiomes boosts mining of biodiversity and genetic resources.Nature communications · 2023Article
- CRISPR dynamics during the interaction between bacteria and phage in the first year of life.Microbial genomics · 2023Article
- Highly host-linked viromes in the built environment possess habitat-dependent diversity and functions for potential virus-host coevolution.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Identification and characterization of two CRISPR/Cas systems associated with the mosquito microbiome.Access microbiology · 2023Article
- Extensive diversity and rapid turnover of phage defense repertoires in cheese-associated bacterial communities.Microbiome · 2022Article
- Short- and long-read metagenomics expand individualized structural variations in gut microbiomes.Nature communications · 2022Article
- CRISPR-Cas Systems in Gut Microbiome of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- High viral abundance and low diversity are associated with increased CRISPR-Cas prevalence across microbial ecosystems.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- Using metagenomic data to boost protein structure prediction and discovery.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- Investigating CRISPR spacer targets and their impact on genomic diversification ofFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Many bacteria resist invasive DNA by incorporating sequences into CRISPR loci, which enable sequence-specific degradation. CRISPR systems have been well studied from isolate genomes, but culture-independent metagenomics provide a new window into their diversity. We profiled CRISPR loci and cas genes in the body-wide human microbiome using 2,355 metagenomes, yielding functional and taxonomic profiles for 2.9 million spacers by aligning the spacer content to each sample's metagenome and corresponding gene families. Spacer and repeat profiles agree qualitatively with those from isolate genomes but expand their diversity by approximately 13-fold, with the highest spacer load present in the oral microbiome. The taxonomy of spacer sequences parallels that of their source community, with functional targets enriched for viral elements. When coupled with cas gene systems, CRISPR-Cas subtypes are highly site and taxon specific. Our analysis provides a comprehensive collection of natural CRISPR-cas loci and targets in the human microbiome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.