ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021
Heterogeneities in administration methods among cannabis users by use purpose and state legalization status: findings from a nationally representative survey in the United States, 2020.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gimmie the Gummies: Initial validation of the Edibles Marijuana Purchase Task.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Modes of cannabis administration, cannabis and tobacco co-use, and associations with respiratory and cannabis use outcomes in a permissive medical cannabis state.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Using In-Home Air Quality Monitoring to Reduce Cannabis Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Children: Quantitative Pilot Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Self-reported use of cannabidiol as a substitute or adjunct for approved medications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Relationship between an adult-use Cannabis law and Cannabis use by type in a cohort of New Jersey young adults.Preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Patterns of Cannabis Use among Women With HIV in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Packaging of Cannabis Edibles, Health Warning Recall, and Perceptions Among Young Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Exposure to Secondhand Cannabis Smoke Among Children.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Temporal Trends in Young Adult Cannabis and Tobacco Use in States with Different Cannabis Policies.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Clearing the air: Heightened perception of harm from secondhand cannabis smoke exposure is associated with no in-home cannabis smoking in a 21-country convenience sample.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Perception of harm is strongly associated with complete ban on in-home cannabis smoking: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Location and home rules of cannabis use - Findings from marijuana use and environmental survey 2020, a nationally representative survey in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Associations of recreational cannabis dispensaries' availability, storefront signage and health benefit signs with cannabis use: findings from a representative adult sample in California, United States.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Medical Cannabis Program Sustainability in the Era of Recreational Cannabis.Clinical therapeutics · 2023Article
- Cannabis Vaping Among Youth and Young Adults: a Scoping Review.Current addiction reports · 2022Article
- Use of highly-potent cannabis concentrate products: More common in U.S. states with recreational or medical cannabis laws.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsDifferent cannabis administration methods have differential impacts on health. This study aimed to describe administration methods among cannabis users in the United States categorized by (1) use purpose and (2) state legalization status.
designCross-sectional, probability-based online survey in 2020.
settingAll 50 states and Washington DC in the United States.
participantsA total of 21 903 adults (18+) were recruited from a probability-based online panel to provide nationally representative estimates.
methodsEleven administration methods were grouped into combustion, vaporization, ingestion and topicals. Weighted prevalence was reported among (1) medical-only, recreational-only and dual-purpose users based on self-reported purposes and (2) users in states that legalized both recreational and medical cannabis (RCL states), legalized medical cannabis only and did not legalize cannabis.
findingsAmong past-year users, the proportions of medical-only, recreational-only and dual-purpose users were 25.55, 43.81 and 30.64%, respectively. The most common primary methods were combustion (42.08%) and topicals (28.65%) for medical purposes and combustion (72.07%) and ingestion (15.05%) for recreational purposes. Dual-purpose users were more likely to report combustion and vaporization but less likely to report ingestion and topicals as primary methods for medical use than medical-only users (P < 0.001) and more likely to report combustion and topicals but less likely to report ingestion as primary methods for recreational use than recreational-only users (P < 0.041). A higher proportion of dual-purpose users (82.82%) used more than one method than medical-only (40.52%) and recreational-only users (63.91%) (P < 0.001). For both medical and recreational purposes, RCL states had the lowest rate of combustion and the highest rates of ingestion and topicals reported as primary methods (P < 0.033). The rate of using more than one administration method did not differ across states (P > 0.05).
conclusionCannabis users whose purposes are medical, recreational or both tend to differ in their selected administration methods.
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