ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2021
Beyond Chronological Age: Frailty and Multimorbidity Predict In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in people with multiple long-term conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 4 million people.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of power training to improve physical function in individuals diagnosed with frailty and chronic disease: A meta-analysis.Physiological reports · 2022Pooled it
- What is the relationship between validated frailty scores and mortality for adults with COVID-19 in acute hospital care? A systematic review.Age and ageing · 2021Pooled it
- Frailty as a mortality predictor in older adults with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)Pooled it
- Trial
- Th1/Th2 immune regulation and functional resilience in older adults following severe COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Advanced machine learning models for prediction of readmission and mortality risks in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using routine clinical data.Fujita medical journal · 2025Article
- Musculoskeletal diseases, infections and vaccines: state of the art, research perspectives and educational needs.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Review
- The prognostic value of Clinical Frailty Scale in COVID-19 pneumonia across different pandemic phases: a comparison between the first and the fourth wave.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Older patients affected by COVID-19: investigating the existence of biological phenotypes.BMC geriatrics · 2024Observational
- Progression of frailty and cardiovascular outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Trajectories of chronic multimorbidity patterns in older patients: MTOP study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Observational
- Progression of Frailty and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Deaths related to post-COVID in Italy: a national study based on death certificates.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Geroscience and pathology: a new frontier in understanding age-related diseases.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2024Review
- Knowledge domain and emerging trends in multimorbidity and frailty research from 2003 to 2023: a scientometric study using citespace and VOSviewer.Health economics review · 2023Review
- Role of Cardio-Renal Dysfunction, Inflammation Markers, and Frailty on In-Hospital Mortality in Older COVID-19 Patients: A Cluster Analysis.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Long COVID and hypertension-related disorders: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Project Team on COVID-19.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Review
- Insights from comparison of the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in an Italian internal medicine ward during first and third wave.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Health trajectories in older patients hospitalized for COVID-19: Results from the GeroCovid multicenter study.Respiratory medicine · 2023Article
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14 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe evaluated whether frailty and multimorbidity predict in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 beyond chronological age.
methodA total of 165 patients admitted from March 8th to April 17th, 2020, with COVID-19 in an acute geriatric ward in Italy were included. Predisease frailty was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Multimorbidity was defined as the co-occurrence of ≥2 diseases in the same patient. The hazard ratio (HR) of in-hospital mortality as a function of CFS score and number of chronic diseases in the whole population and in those aged 70+ years were calculated.
resultsAmong the 165 patients, 112 were discharged, 11 were transferred to intensive care units, and 42 died. Patients who died were older (81.0 vs 65.2 years, p < .001), more frequently multimorbid (97.6 vs 52.8%; p < .001), and more likely frail (37.5 vs 4.1%; p < .001). Less than 2.0% of patients without multimorbidity and frailty, 28% of those with multimorbidity only, and 75% of those with both multimorbidity and frailty died. Each unitary increment in the CFS was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death in the whole sample (HR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.05-1.62) and in patients aged 70+ years (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.04-1.62), whereas the number of chronic diseases was not significantly associated with higher risk of death. The CFS addition to age and sex increased mortality prediction by 9.4% in those aged 70+ years.
conclusionsFrailty identifies patients with COVID-19 at risk of in-hospital death independently of age. Multimorbidity contributes to prognosis because of the very low probability of death in its absence.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.