ArticlePloS one2020
Compression, expansion, or maybe both? Growing inequalities in lung cancer in Germany.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Individual- and area-level socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence in the working-age population - a cohort study based on German statutory health insurance data, 2015 to 2019.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Widening socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and related potential to reduce cancer between 2008 and 2019 in Germany.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A nomogram for predicting the overall survival in rectal cancer patients after total neoadjuvant therapy.Techniques in coloproctology · 2024Article
- [How has life expectancy without functional limitations developed in Germany? An analysis with data from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS)].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Article
- Time trends in limited lung function among German middle-aged and older adults.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Decreasing COPD-related incidences and hospital admissions in a German health insurance population.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Widening area-based socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Germany between 2003 and 2019.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD): Revision, update and applications.Journal of health monitoring · 2022Article
- Living longer, working longer: analysing time trends in working life expectancy in Germany from a health perspective between 2002 and 2018.European journal of ageing · 2022Article
- Compression and Expansion of Morbidity—Secular Trends Among Cohorts of the Same AgeDeutsches Arzteblatt international · 2022Review
- Time Trends and Income Inequalities in Cancer Incidence and Cancer-Free Life Expectancy - a Cancer Site-Specific Analysis of German Health Insurance Data.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer - a time trend analysis with German health insurance data.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLung Cancer (LC) is one of the most common malign diseases worldwide. So far, it is unclear if the development of LC incidence and mortality leads to morbidity compression or expansion and whether these developments differ by socioeconomic characteristics. This study analyses time trends in social and gender inequalities in life years with and without LC in Germany.
methodsThe study is based on data of a large German statutory health insurance provider (N = 2,511,790). Incidence and mortality risks were estimated from multistate survival models. Trends in life years with and without LC were analysed using multistate life table analyses. All analyses were performed separately for gender, time period (2006-2009 and 2014-2017), and income group (<60% and ≥60% of the German average income).
resultsAmong men, declining LC incidence rates resulted in gains of life years free of LC and declining LC- affected life years and led to a relative compression, which was strongest in men with higher incomes. Among women, a clear increase in life years with LC led to an expansion of the lifespan affected by LC. This expansion was mainly driven by increasing incidence rates in women with low incomes. Overall, income inequalities in LC increased in both genders.
conclusionsOur analyses reveal that developments in the length of life affected by LC differed substantially by gender and income and led to widening health inequalities over time. Public health efforts should mainly focus on vulnerable groups to reduce the persisting social inequalities in LC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.