ArticlePloS one2020
PD-L1 expression in equine malignant melanoma and functional effects of PD-L1 blockade.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and determinants of alcohol use disorder and its association with adherence to antihypertensive therapy among adult hypertensive patients in a hospital setting, Northwest Ethiopia.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- In Vitro Characterization of an Equinized Anti-PD-L1 Antibody for Cancer Immunotherapy in Horses.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Recent Issues in the Development and Application of Targeted Therapies with Respect to Individual Animal Variability.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- PD-L1 expression in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in China (EXCEED study): a multicentre retrospective study.Journal of clinical pathology · 2025Article
- Translational History and Hope of Immunotherapy of Canine Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Review
- Programmed cell death-1-modified pig developed using electroporation-mediated gene editing for in vitro fertilized zygotes.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024Article
- Programmed-cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in equine sarcoids and squamous cell carcinoma.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Immunohistochemical Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Interventions for treatment of cutaneous melanoma in horses: a structured literature review.Veterinary research communications · 2023Review
- Article
- Equine Melanocytic Tumors: A Narrative Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in swine chronic infections and enhancement of interleukin-2 production via programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 blockade.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Article
- PD-L1/PD-1 and CTLA-4 Expression in Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Circulating Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Melanoma Diagnosis, Progression Monitoring, and Treatment Response.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed on lymphocytes. Interaction of PD-1 with its ligand PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) delivers inhibitory signals and impairs proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity of T cells. In our previous studies, we have developed anti-bovine PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and reported that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was closely associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression in bovine chronic infections and canine tumors. Furthermore, we found that blocking antibodies that target PD-1 and PD-L1 restore T-cell functions and could be used in immunotherapy in cattle and dogs. However, the immunological role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for chronic equine diseases, including tumors, remains unclear. In this study, we identified cDNA sequences of equine PD-1 (EqPD-1) and PD-L1 (EqPD-L1) and investigated the role of anti-bovine PD-L1 mAbs against EqPD-L1 using in vitro assays. In addition, we evaluated the expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues of equine malignant melanoma (EMM). The amino acid sequences of EqPD-1 and EqPD-L1 share a considerable identity and similarity with homologs from non-primate species. Two clones of the anti-bovine PD-L1 mAbs recognized EqPD-L1 in flow cytometry, and one of these cross-reactive mAbs blocked the binding of equine PD-1/PD-L1. Of note, immunohistochemistry confirmed the PD-L1 expression in EMM tumor tissues. A cultivation assay revealed that PD-L1 blockade enhanced the production of Th1 cytokines in equine immune cells. These findings showed that our anti-PD-L1 mAbs would be useful for analyzing the equine PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Further research is warranted to discover the immunological role of PD-1/PD-L1 in chronic equine diseases and elucidate a future application in immunotherapy for horses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.