ReviewAdvances in therapy2021
Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Intensive Care Unit: The Role of Biomarkers, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics.
Review in Advances in therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- De-Escalation of Broad-Spectrum and Last-Resort Antibiotics in Critically Ill Adults with Gram-Negative Infections: A Scoping Review and Evidence-Informed Framework for Tertiary-Care ICUs.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Microbiological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in an Intensive Care Unit: Emphasis on ESKAPE Pathogens.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Serial C-Reactive Protein Measurements for Prognostication and Antimicrobial Decision-Making in ICU Sepsis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial stewardship principles in the evaluation of empirical carbapenem antibiotics in a private hospital in South Africa.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Impact of Multidisciplinary Collaboration on Microbiological Specimen Submission and Appropriate Use of Carbapenems: A Pre-Post Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Plasma procalcitonin and C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with bacterial sepsis and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Significant drop in serum C-reactive protein in patients with solid neoplasia and bacterial infection is associated with a better prognosis and identifies candidates for short-course antibiotic therapy.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Optimization of antibiotic use in the intensive care unit: how we do it.Critical care science · 2024Article
- Article
- Place in Therapy of the Newly Available Armamentarium for Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Proposal of a Prescription Algorithm.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Optimizing Antimicrobial Drug Dosing in Critically Ill Patients.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Characterization of antibiotic prescription in intensive care units according to the Access, Watch, and Reserve classification.Revista CuidarteArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The high prevalence of infectious diseases in the intensive care unit (ICU) and consequently elevated pressure for immediate and effective treatment have led to increased antimicrobial therapy consumption and misuse. Moreover, the emerging global threat of antimicrobial resistance and lack of novel antimicrobials justify the implementation of judicious antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) in the ICU. However, even though the importance of ASP is generally accepted, its implementation in the ICU is far from optimal and current evidence regarding strategies such as de-escalation remains controversial. The limitations of clinical guidance for antimicrobial therapy initiation and discontinuation have led to multiple studies for the evaluation of more objective tools, such as biomarkers as adjuncts for ASP. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin can be adequate for clinical use in acute infectious diseases, the latter being the most studied for ASP purposes. Although promising, current evidence highlights challenges in biomarker application and interpretation. Furthermore, the physiological alterations in the critically ill render pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics crucial parameters for adequate antimicrobial therapy use. Individual pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic targets can reduce antimicrobial therapy misuse and risk of antimicrobial resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.