ArticleReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2021
Markers of Local and Systemic Estrogen Metabolism in Endometriosis.
Article in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis in endometriosis: mechanistic insights and gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Anti-cancer Drugs in Endometriosis Management: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Evaluating the Role of Lipid Accumulation Product Index in Endometriosis: Findings from NHANES and Mendelian Randomization.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Article
- A Supra-Physiological Dose of 2-Hydroxyestradiol Impairs Meiotic Progression and Developmental Competence of Mouse Antral Oocytes.Journal of developmental biology · 2025Article
- Potential biomarkers for early detection of endometriosis: current state of art (what we know so far).Journal of applied genetics · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota as a key regulator in endometriosis: mechanisms, therapeutic opportunities, and future perspectives.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- How Do Microorganisms Influence the Development of Endometriosis? Participation of Genital, Intestinal and Oral Microbiota in Metabolic Regulation and Immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Diet associations in endometriosis: a critical narrative assessment with special reference to gluten.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Ectopic Endometrial Cell-Derived Exosomal Moesin Induces Eutopic Endometrial Cell Migration, Enhances Angiogenesis and Cytosolic Inflammation in Lesions Contributes to Endometriosis Progression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Circulating estradiol and its biologically active metabolites in endometriosis and in relation to pain symptoms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Association of microbial dynamics with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in patients with endometriosis.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Estrogen metabolites (EMs) can work independently from their parent hormones. We hypothesize that in endometriosis, estrogen is metabolized preferentially along hormonally active pathways. We recruited 62 women with endometriosis (proven laparoscopically and histologically) and 52 control women (normal findings with laparoscopy) among patients undergoing surgery for pelvic pain and/or infertility during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Urinary samples were collected preoperatively. Biopsies from eutopic endometrium of control women and women with endometriosis were collected during surgery. EMs in urine and endometrial tissues were extracted and determined using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). These included: 2-hydroxyestrone (2OHE1), 16-α hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1), 2OHE1/16α-OHE1 ratio, 4-hydroxyestrone (4OHE1), 2-hydroxyestradiol (2OHE2), and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4OHE2). Eutopic endometrium of endometriosis patients, as compared to control endometrium, contained significantly higher level of 4OHE1 (0.03 (IQR: 0.03-0.265) versus 0.03 (IQR: 0.03-0.03) μg/g, respectively, P = 0.005), 2-OHE2 (0.241 (IQR: 0.1-0.960) versus 0.1 (IQR: 0.1-0.1) μg/g, respectively, P < 0.001), and 4-OHE2 (0.225 (IQR: 0.22-1.29) versus 0.0.2 (IQR: 0.2-0.2) μg/g, respectively, P < 0.001). Only 2OHE1 showed higher concentration in urine of women with endometriosis than controls (9.9 (IQR: 3.64-14.88) versus 4.5 (IQR: 1.37-17.00) μg/mg creatinine, respectively, P = 0.042). Eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis metabolizes estrogen preferentially to the biologically active 2OHE2, and potentially genotoxic 4OHE1 and 4OHE2 metabolites. This contributes to further understanding of endometriosis etiology, its link to ovarian cancer, and could help identifying an endometrial biomarker of the disease.
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