Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33215876›Full record

ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2021

Toward a theory-based specification of non-pharmacological treatments in aging and dementia: Focused reviews and methodological recommendations.

Sietske A M Sikkes, Yi Tang, Roos J Jutten, Linda M P Wesselman, Lyn S Turkstra, Henry Brodaty, Linda Clare, Erin Cassidy-Eagle, Kay L Cox, Gaël Chételat and 22 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06855186 (Symptom-Targeted Approach to Rehabilitation for Concussion), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
8.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06855186 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Symptom-Targeted Approach to Rehabilitation for Concussion (STAR-C): RCT of In-person vs Telehealth vs Wait List Control

TypeinterventionalSponsorHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineRan2025 to 2028Enrolled222ConditionsMild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)ArmsSymptom-Targeted Approach to Rehabilitation for Concussion
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
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  10. Dance movement therapy for dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
  11. Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
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16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors at 20 institutions in 7 countries.

Sietske A M SikkesAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Yi TangDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China.
Roos J JuttenAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Linda M P WesselmanAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lyn S TurkstraSchool of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Henry BrodatyCentre for Healthy Brain Ageing and Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
Linda ClareCentre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Erin Cassidy-EagleDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Kay L CoxMedical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Gaël ChételatNormandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders,", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France.
Sophie DautricourtNormandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders,", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France.
Klodian DhanaSection on Nutrition and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Hiroko DodgeDepartment of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Rose-Marie DröesDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Benjamin M HampsteadDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan and VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Thomas HollandSection on Nutrition and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Amit LampitAcademic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Kate LaverDepartment of Rehabilitation, Aged and Extended Care, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Antoine LutzLyon Neuroscience Research Center INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon University, Lyon, France.
Nicola T LautenschlagerAcademic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Susan M McCurryDepartment of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Franka J M MeilandDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Martha Clare MorrisSection on Nutrition and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Kimberly D MuellerWisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Ruth PetersDepartment of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, Australia.
Gemma RidelThe University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Aimee SpectorDepartment of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
Jenny T van der SteenDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Jeanette TamplinFaculty of Fine Arts and Music, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Zara ThompsonFaculty of Fine Arts and Music, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
ISTAART Non-pharmacological Interventions Professional Interest Area
Alex Bahar-FuchsAcademic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
The University of Melbourne · AUAmsterdam Neuroscience · NLRush University · USAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NLAustralian National University · AUInserm · FRUNSW Sydney · AUCapital Medical University · CNCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRFlinders University · AUMcMaster University · CAOregon Health & Science University · USRadboud University Nijmegen · NLStanford University · USThe University of Western Australia · AUUniversity College London · GBUniversity of East Anglia · GBUniversity of Exeter · GBUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Research Education ComponentP30AG066518 · NIA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI Zachary Beattie · 2020 to 2026
$28.6M
Outreach, Recruitment and Education CoreP30AG008017 · NIA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI KAYE, JEFFREY A · 1990 to 2019
$27.7M
Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Core CenterP30AG053760 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ALBIN, ROGER L · 2016 to 2020
$10.1M
Conversational Engagement as a Means to Delay Onset AD: Phase II Administrative SupplementR01AG051628 · NIA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI DODGE, HIROKO HAYAMA · 2016 to 2020
$4.8M
Web-enabled social interaction to delay cognitive decline among seniors with MCI: Phase I Administrative SupplementR01AG056102 · NIA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI DODGE, HIROKO HAYAMA · 2017 to 2021
$4.6M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG008017NIA NIH HHS P30 AG053760NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066518NIA NIH HHS R01 AG051628NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056102
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNon-pharmacological treatments (NPTs) have the potential to improve meaningful outcomes for older people at risk of, or living with dementia, but research often lacks methodological rigor and continues to produce mixed results.

methodsIn the current position paper, experts in NPT research have specified treatment targets, aims, and ingredients using an umbrella framework, the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System.

resultsExperts provided a snapshot and an authoritative summary of the evidence for different NPTs based on the best synthesis efforts, identified main gaps in knowledge and relevant barriers, and provided directions for future research. Experts in trial methodology provide best practice principles and recommendations for those working in this area, underscoring the importance of prespecified protocols. DISCUSSION: We conclude that the evidence strongly supports various NPTs in relation to their primary targets, and discuss opportunities and challenges associated with a unifying theoretical framework to guide future efforts in this area.

Indexed as

DementiaAgingCognitive Behavioral TherapyExerciseHumansMeditationMusic Therapycognitive-behavioral therapy for insomniacognitive rehabilitationcognitive stimulation therapycognitive trainingcommunication treatmentsframeworkmeditationmild cognitive impairmentmultisensory treatmentsmusic-based treatmentsneuromodulationneuropsychiatricnon-pharmacologicalnutritional interventionsoccupational therapyphysical exercise trainingreminiscence therapysubjective cognitive decline

Identifiers

PMID33215876
PMCPMC7970750
OpenAlexW3105804765

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.