ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2021
Sources of Metacognitive Inefficiency.
Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Across-subject correlation between confidence and accuracy: A meta-analysis of the Confidence Database.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2022Pooled it
- Improving crowdsourcing for AI through cognitive-inspired data engineering.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Predictive metacognition: a neuro-computational framework for self-monitoring in large language models.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adaptive yet suboptimal integration of advice in decision-making.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Type-1 and type-2 decisions feature computational noise of similar magnitude.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Article
- Modeling metacognition and executive functions in the metacognitive wisconsin card sorting test using the neuropsychological digital-twin method.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Visual confidence accurately tracks increasing internal noise with eccentricity in peripheral vision.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Perceptual confidence has near perfect access to the existence of discrete representations, but only weak access to precision.Cognition · 2026Article
- Low confidence for perceptual completion of partially occluded objects.Journal of vision · 2026Article
- Confidence in naturalistic decision making.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Reappraising intuitions about consciousness.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Building worlds of your own: the functional role of metacognitive bias in metacognition.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Authority cues and metacognitive miscalibration in linguistic judgment: evidence from an English-Chinese revision paradigm.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Long-term perceptual priors drive confidence bias that favors prior-congruent evidence.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Switching the motor response weakens confidence serial dependence.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Article
- Bits of confidence: Metacognition as uncertainty reduction.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- Perceptual metacognition and self-esteem: the role of feedback valence in local and global monitoring bias.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Optimal metacognitive decision strategies in signal detection theory.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- Confidence in incomplete visual search.Visual cognition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Confidence judgments are typically less informative about one's accuracy than they could be; a phenomenon we call metacognitive inefficiency. We review the existence of different sources of metacognitive inefficiency and classify them into four categories based on whether the corruption is due to: (i) systematic or nonsystematic influences, and (ii) the input to or the computation of the metacognitive system. Critically, the existence of different sources of metacognitive inefficiency provides an alternative explanation for behavioral findings typically interpreted as evidence for domain-specific (and against domain-general) metacognitive systems. We argue that, contrary to the dominant assumption in the field, metacognitive failures are not monolithic and suggest that understanding the sources of metacognitive inefficiency should be a primary goal of the science of metacognition.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.