ArticleBMC public health2020
Factors associated with malaria infection in Mudzi District, Mashonaland East Zimbabwe, 2019: a case-control study.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Malaria Outbreak in Meinit Goldia District, Southwest Ethiopia Peoples Regional State, 2025: Risk factors and epidemiological insights from a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Emergence of urban malaria and the associated risk factors: a case-control study in Mutare city, Zimbabwe.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Risk factors for contracting malaria in six wards of Mudzi District, Zimbabwe: A case control-study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Urban malaria and its determinants in Eastern Ethiopia: the role of Anopheles stephensi and urbanization.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Malaria-associated risk factors among adolescents living in areas with persistent transmission in Senegal: a case-control study.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Factors associated with a malaria outbreak at Tongogara refugee camp in Chipinge District, Zimbabwe, 2021: a case-control study.Malaria journal · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKondo Rural Health Centre recorded 27 malaria patients between the 27th of January 2019 and the 2nd of February 2019 against an epidemic threshold of 19 with the malaria outbreak being confirmed on the 5th of February 2019. Indoor residual spraying as part of integrated vector management control activities had been done in the district before the onset of the rainy season as well as social behaviour change communication but residents were contracting malaria. We, therefore, investigated the risk factors associated with this outbreak to recommend scientifically effective prevention and control measures.
methodsWe conducted a 1:1 unmatched case-control study. A case was a resident of Mudzi from the 4th of February 2019 who had a positive rapid diagnostic test for malaria randomly selected from the clinic's line list whilst controls were randomly selected from the neighbourhood of cases. Pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, knowledge and practices of residents in malaria prevention. Data were analysed using Epi info 7.
resultsA total of 567 confirmed malaria cases was recorded with an overall attack rate of 71.7 per 1000 population. Sixty-three case-control pairs were interviewed. The majority of cases 78% (49/63) were from Makaza, Chanetsa and Nyarongo villages which are within 3 km from Vhombodzi dam. A stagnant water body near a house [aOR = 8.0, 95%CI = (2.3-28.6)], engaging in outdoor activities before dawn or after dusk [aOR = 8.3, 95%CI = (1.1-62.7)] and having a house with open eaves [aOR = 5.4, 95%CI = (1.2-23.3)] were independent risk factors associated with contracting malaria. Wearing long-sleeved clothes when outdoors at night [aOR = 0.2, 95%CI = (0.1-0.4)] was protective.
conclusionA stagnant water pool close to the homestead and engaging in outdoor activities before dawn and after dusk were modifiable risk factors associated with the malaria outbreak despite the community being knowledgeable on the transmission and prevention of malaria. Community sensitisation and mobilisation in the destruction of stagnant water bodies and cutting of tall grass around homesteads were recommended measures to contain the outbreak.
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