Trial reportRheumatology (Oxford, England)2021
The efficacy and safety of citrate mixture vs sodium bicarbonate on urine alkalization in Chinese primary gout patients with benzbromarone: a prospective, randomized controlled study.
Trial report in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07613138 (Tart Cherry Citrate Effervescent Tablet for Urate-Lowering Therapy in Participants With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Tart Cherry Citrate Effervescent Tablet for Urate-Lowering Therapy in Participants With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: A Study Protocol for a Single-Center, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- A holistic guide to effective prevention and treatment for kidney stones: a systematic review exploring anti-urolithiasis approaches.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Superiority of Low-Dose Benzbromarone Add-On to Low-Dose Febuxostat Compared With Febuxostat Monotherapy in Gout With Combined-Type Hyperuricemia.Arthritis care & research · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and safety of tart cherry supplementary citrate mixture on gout patients: a prospective, randomized, controlled study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Trial
- Superiority of Low-Dose Benzbromarone to Low-Dose Febuxostat in a Prospective, Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial in Gout Patients With Renal Uric Acid Underexcretion.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Trial
- The efficacy and safety of benzbromarone and febuxostat in combined-type hyperuricemia: a single-center study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Optical fiber pH sensor with multi-wedge tip: design and performance evaluations.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Article
- Citrate and calcium kidney stones.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- The efficacy of a low-dose combination of febuxostat and benzbromarone versus each drug used alone for the treatment of gout.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Baseline urine pH is related to effective urine alkalization by short-term alkaline water supplementation: data from a self-controlled study in healthy Chinese volunteers following a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature.Translational andrology and urology · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of citrate mixture and sodium bicarbonate on urine alkalization in gout patients under benzbromarone treatment.
methodsA prospective, randomized, parallel controlled trial was conducted among 200 gout patients in the dedicated gout clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The participants were randomly divided into two groups (1:1), sodium bicarbonate group (3 g/day) and citrate mixture group (7 g/day). All patients were prescribed with 25 mg/day benzbromarone at initiation and maintained at a dose of 50 mg/day. Clinical and biochemical data were collected at each follow-up time point (baseline, weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12).
resultsA total of 182 patients completed the 12-week urine alkalization study. The urine pH value of both groups increased significantly from the baseline to the final follow-up time point (sodium bicarbonate group, 5.50-6.00, P < 0.05; citrate mixture group, 5.53-5.93, P < 0.05). While the comparisons regarding urine pH between treatment groups showed no significant differences for each time point. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) dropped significantly after 12 weeks' trial in the sodium bicarbonate group (P < 0.01), while it was comparable between baseline and the last follow-up (P > 0.05) in the citrate mixture group. Results of urine analysis showed that the incident rate of occult blood in the sodium bicarbonate group was higher than that in the citrate mixture group (38 vs 24%, P < 0.05), accompanied by a similar occurrence of kidney stones. After 12-week follow-up, the frequency of twice gout flare in the citrate mixture group was significantly lower than that in sodium bicarbonate group (4 vs 12%, P = 0.037). No treatment-emergent adverse events occurred.
conclusionThe efficacy of citrate mixture on urine alkalization is comparable to sodium bicarbonate under benzbromarone treatment without significant adverse events. Citrate mixture is superior to sodium bicarbonate in lowering the incidence of urine occult blood and the frequency of gout attacks.
trial registrationRegistered with ChiCTR (http://www.chictr.org.cn), No. ChiCTR1800018518.
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