ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2021
GrimAge Outperforms Other Epigenetic Clocks in the Prediction of Age-Related Clinical Phenotypes and All-Cause Mortality.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 285 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
285 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 452 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder moderates the association between BrainAge acceleration and GrimAge acceleration.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Pooled it
- Epigenetic age deceleration reflects exercise-induced cardiorespiratory fitness improvements.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Exploring Epigenetic Aging and Cognitive Change in Middle Adulthood.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- [Biological age in orthopedics : Importance, assessment, and clinical recommendations].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Responsiveness of epigenetic aging biomarkers to longevity interventions in humans.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Adolescent weight gain trajectories and their associations with biological aging: a genetically informed study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles and epigenetic aging clocks in tissue aging: an exosome-focused conceptual framework with a focus on skin.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Review
- Assessing the influence of different alignment tools on the accuracy of a forensic epigenetic clock.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage and accelerated epigenetic aging in the early aftermath of trauma: The moderating role of individual psychological resources.Journal of psychiatric research · 2026Article
- From Athletic Performance to Functional Ageing: Shared Genetic Architecture, Redox-Inflammatory Pathways and Functional Reserve Across the Life Course-A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Biological age-acceleration in relation to muscle mass, strength and function: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Distinct epigenetic ageing patterns are associated with heterogeneity in kidney function decline in type 2 diabetes.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Aging and Cognitive Performance in General and Psychiatric Populations: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Physical Activity Levels Among Older Adults in Urban Central Asia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immunosenescence and cancer predisposition in pediatric transplant recipients: An emerging paradigm.World journal of transplantation · 2026Review
- Functional, molecular, and digital measurements of biological age.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Interferon-related inflammaging links epigenetic age acceleration to multimorbidity.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Age and Resilience in the Framingham Heart Study.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- The aging paradox of Cushing's syndrome: Stress without clear senescence?Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- MethylCog predicts six-year cognitive ability beyond blood-based ADRD biomarkers.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
225 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The aging process is characterized by the presence of high interindividual variation between individuals of the same chronical age prompting a search for biomarkers that capture this heterogeneity. Epigenetic clocks measure changes in DNA methylation levels at specific CpG sites that are highly correlated with calendar age. The discrepancy resulting from the regression of DNA methylation age on calendar age is hypothesized to represent a measure of biological aging with a positive/negative residual signifying age acceleration (AA)/deceleration, respectively. The present study examines the associations of 4 epigenetic clocks-Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge-with a wide range of clinical phenotypes (walking speed, grip strength, Fried frailty, polypharmacy, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Sustained Attention Reaction Time, 2-choice reaction time), and with all-cause mortality at up to 10-year follow-up, in a sample of 490 participants in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). HorvathAA and HannumAA were not predictive of health; PhenoAgeAA was associated with 4/9 outcomes (walking speed, frailty MOCA, MMSE) in minimally adjusted models, but not when adjusted for other social and lifestyle factors. GrimAgeAA by contrast was associated with 8/9 outcomes (all except grip strength) in minimally adjusted models, and remained a significant predictor of walking speed, .polypharmacy, frailty, and mortality in fully adjusted models. Results indicate that the GrimAge clock represents a step-improvement in the predictive utility of the epigenetic clocks for identifying age-related decline in an array of clinical phenotypes promising to advance precision medicine.
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