ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2021
Dysregulated thyroid hormones correlate with anxiety and depression risk in patients with autoimmune disease.
Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Psychological Distress and Sleep Quality in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Zhejiang, China.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Analysis of Anxiety and Depression Status and Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women With Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Hypothyroidism.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Brain-bone axis dysregulation: Biological code underlying the bidirectional association between depression and musculoskeletal disorders.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Sleep disorders in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a case-control study.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Sex-modulated association between thyroid stimulating hormone and informant-perceived anxiety in non-depressed older adults: Prediction models and relevant cutoff value.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association Between FT4/FT3 Ratio and Short-Term Treatment Response in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients.International journal of endocrinology · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Anxiety and Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Undergoing Microwave Ablation.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- The Association between Depression, Anxiety, and Thyroid Disease: A UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- Borderline personality disorder and thyroid diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Neurobiological mechanisms of mood disorders: Stress vulnerability and resilience.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Review
- Association of Subclinical Hypothyroidism With Anxiety Symptom in Young First-Episode and Drug-Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Thyroid Function Affects the Risk of Post-stroke Depression in Patients With Acute Lacunar Stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Dysregulated thyroid hormones correlate with anxiety and depression risk in patients with autoimmune disease.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAutoimmune disease (AID) patients always present with increased risk of psychiatric disorders, and thyroid function or thyroid hormone may play a critical role in the development of anxiety and depression. Thus, this study aimed to assess the free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and their correlations with anxiety/depression in patients with AID.
methodsNinety-eight AID patients and 100 health controls (HCs) were recruited. Serum samples were obtained from all the participants to detect FT3, FT4, and TSH levels. Anxiety and depression were determined using the HADS assessment.
resultsHADS-Anxiety score, anxiety subject percentage, HADS-Depression score, and depression subject proportion were elevated in AID patients compared with HCs. FT3 and FT4 were downregulated while TSH was upregulated in AID patients compared with HCs. In AID patients, FT3 and FT4 negatively correlated with HADS-Anxiety score, and they were downregulated in patients with anxiety compared to patients without anxiety. Meanwhile, FT3 and FT4 were negatively associated while TSH level positively associated with HADS-Depression score. Besides, FT3 and FT4 reduced, but TSH level was of no difference in patients with depression compared to patients without depression. Additionally, increased FT4 independently correlated with both reduced anxiety risk and depression risk.
conclusionsFT3, FT4, and TSH are dysregulated, and FT4 has the potential to serve as an independent biomarker related to anxiety as well as depression in AID patients. These findings may provide some information on the values of thyroid hormones in facilitating the management of AID patients with anxiety/depression.
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