SynthesisChild: care, health and development2021
Factors associated with gross motor development from birth to independent walking: A systematic review of longitudinal research.
Synthesis in Child: care, health and development, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Exposure to Formal Aquatic Activities on Babies Younger Than 36 Months: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of sleep position in term healthy newborns on sudden infant death syndrome and other infant outcomes: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Factors associated with gross motor development from birth to independent walking: A systematic review of longitudinal research.Child: care, health and development · 2021Pooled it
- Gross motor performance of infants with an at-home wearable measurement and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale: A concurrent validity study.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Observational
- Fidgety Movement Classification in Preterm Infants Without Major Structural Brain Abnormalities: Associations with Gestational Age, Birth Weight, and Neonatal Morbidity.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Can slow and (un)steady still win the race? A narrative review of developmental gait characteristics and clinical implications in children born preterm.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- The Breastfeeding Experiences of Mother-Infant Dyads and the Effects of an FMR1 Mutation.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Perinatal and Childhood Risk Factors of Adverse Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review Using a Socioecological Model.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Latent motor growth trajectories of term and preterm infants based on caregiver report.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2025Article
- Two-Year Longitudinal Motor Performance of Very Preterm and/or Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Suriname.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Instability of revised Korean Developmental Screening Test classification in first year of life.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Sitting Acquisition and Early Communication Development: Are There Associations in Very Preterm Infants at Six Months of Corrected Age?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Investigating the link between temperamental and motor development: a longitudinal study of infants aged 6-42 months.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Prevalence and socio-economic determinants of growth and developmental delays among Iranian children aged under five years: A cross sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Developmental factors influencing bone strength in precocial mammals: An infant pig model.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Maternal Vitamin B12 Status during Pregnancy and Early Infant Neurodevelopment: The ECLIPSES Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this study is to gain more insight into child and environmental factors that influence gross motor development (GMD) of healthy infants from birth until reaching the milestone of independent walking, based on longitudinal research.
backgroundA systematic search was conducted using Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and CINAHL to identify studies from inception to February 2020. Studies that investigated the association between child or environmental factors and infant GMD using longitudinal measurements of infant GMD were eligible. Two independent reviewers extracted key information and assessed risk of bias of the selected studies, using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool (QUIPS). Strength of evidence (strong, moderate, limited, conflicting and no evidence) for the factors identified was described according to a previously established classification.
resultsIn 36 studies, six children and 11 environmental factors were identified. Five studies were categorized as having low risk of bias. Strong evidence was found for the association between birthweight and GMD in healthy full-term and preterm infants. Moderate evidence was found for associations between gestational age and GMD, and sleeping position and GMD. There was conflicting evidence for associations between twinning and GMD, and breastfeeding and GMD. No evidence was found for an association between maternal postpartum depression and GMD. Evidence for the association of other factors with GMD was classified as 'limited' because each of these factors was examined in only one longitudinal study.
conclusionInfant GMD appears associated with two child factors (birthweight and gestational age) and one environmental factor (sleeping position). For the other factors identified in this review, insufficient evidence for an association with GMD was found. For those factors that were examined in only one longitudinal study, and are therefore classified as having limited evidence, more research would be needed to reach a conclusion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.