SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2021
Influence of formulation and route of administration on ketamine's safety and tolerability: systematic review.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 1 study to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an immediate-release oral ketamine capsule in healthy volunteers.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Extended-release ketamine tablets for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Ketamine for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: Double-blind active-controlled crossover study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- Intramuscular Ketamine Pharmacokinetics in Humans: A Review.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Review
- Ketamine Dosing Across Clinical Indications: A Narrative Review Organized by Proposed NMDA-Related Mechanisms.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Hope for Neurotic Disorders: A Summary of New Zealand Research on the Development of Biomarkers and Novel Treatments.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2026Article
- A Novel Tertiary Carbamate Prodrug Strategy to Overcome Metabolic Barriers in Oral Ketamine Delivery.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Reconnecting through dissociation: a 5-month follow-up case study on ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Advancing Antidepressive Agents: Drug Discovery and Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Improved Treatment Outcome.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Oral ketamine may offer a solution to the ketamine conundrum.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Article
- Ketamine for the treatment of major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeKetamine has rapid-onset antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Common side effects include dissociation (a sense of detachment from reality) and increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The objective of this structured review was to examine the effect of ketamine formulation and route of administration on its pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability, to identify formulation characteristics and routes of administration that might minimise side effects.
methodsThis was a structured review of published ketamine pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability data for any ketamine formulation. The ratio of ketamine:norketamine was calculated from reported C
resultsA total of 41 treatment arms were identified from 21 publications, and included formulation development studies in healthy volunteers, and studies in clinical populations (patients undergoing anaesthesia, or being treated for pain or depression). Ketamine:norketamine ratios were strongly positively correlated with change in dissociation ratings (r = 0.89) and change in blood pressure (r = 0.96), and strongly negatively correlated with ketamine T
conclusionKetamine formulations that maximize first pass metabolism and delay T
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.