ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2020
Impact of cardiovascular risk factors on the clinical presentation and survival of pulmonary embolism without identifiable risk factor.
Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Designing a web-based factorial survey experiment on diagnostic evaluation of cardiovascular symptoms in emergency care.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Clinical profile and long-term predictors of mortality in idiopathic acute pulmonary thromboembolism.Global cardiology science & practice · 2024Article
- Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 4,170,027 Patients.JACC. Advances · 2023Article
- Predictors and outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19; insights from US National COVID cohort collaborative.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- A nomogram for predicting the risk of pulmonary embolism in neurology department suspected PE patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Hyponatremia-Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe nature of pulmonary embolism (PE) without identifiable risk factor (IRF) remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential relationship between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and PE without IRF (unprovoked) and assess their role as markers of disease severity and prognosis.
methodsA case-control study was performed of patients with PE admitted to our hospital [2010-2019]. Subjects with PE without IRF were included in the cohort of cases, whereas patients with PE with IRF were allocated to the control group. Variables of interest included age, active smoking, obesity, and diagnosis of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes mellitus.
resultsA total of 1,166 patients were included in the study, of whom 64.2% had PE without IRF. The risk for PE without IRF increased with age [odds ratio (OR): 2.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.95-3.68], arterial hypertension (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.27-2.07), and dyslipidemia (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.24-2.15). The risk for PE without IRF was higher as the number of CVRF increased, being 3.99 (95% CI: 2.02-7.90) for subjects with ≥3 CVRF. The percentage of high-risk unprovoked PE increased significantly as the number of CVRF rose [0.6% for no CVRF; 23.8% for a CRF, P<0.001 (OR: 9.92; 95% CI: 2.82-34.9); 37.5% for two CRFs, P<0.001 (OR: 14.8; 95% CI: 4.25-51.85); and 38.1% for ≥3, P<0.001 (OR: 14.1; 95% CI: 4.06-49.4)]. No significant differences were observed in 1-month survival between cases and controls, whereas differences in 24-month survival reached significance.
conclusionsA relationship was observed between CVRF and PE without IRF, as the risk for unprovoked PE increased with the number of CVRF. In addition, the number of CVRF was associated with PE without IRF severity, but not with prognosis.
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