ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2020
Metastases to the Breast from Extramammary Nonhematological Malignancies: Case Series.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metastases to the Male Breast: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Metastatic Prostate Cancer Masquerading as Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Metastatic Melanoma Mimicking Primary Breast Cancer-A Diagnostic Challenge: A Case Report.Case reports in pathology · 2026Article
- Breast metastases from extra-mammary cancers: A report of 3 challenging cases and literature review.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Diagnostic challenges and individualized treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma metastases to the breast: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Multiple bilateral breast masses due to lymphoma metastases: A report of 2 cases highlighting the mammographic and sonographic features.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Breast metastases from primary tumor of the urinary tract: case series.Journal of surgical case reports · 2023Article
- Potential of combination of DCE-MRI and DWI with serum CA125 and CA199 in evaluating effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.World journal of surgical oncology · 2021Article
- Breast metastases from primary lung cancer: a retrospective case series on clinical, ultrasonographic, and immunohistochemical features.Translational lung cancer research · 2021Article
- Alantolactone: A Natural Plant Extract as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Significance of TEAD Family in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Immune Response for Ovarian Serous Carcinoma.International journal of general medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis article aims to provide a better understanding of ultrasonography and immunohistochemistry of secondary nonhematological tumors of breast.
methodsThe study reviewed the ultrasound findings and immunohistochemical features of nonhematological metastatic breast tumor cases found in patients of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from 2007 to 2019. Each case was categorized as secondary breast malignancy using histopathological results.
resultsFourteen cases were identified from West China Hospital database. Ten cases originated in the lung, 2 cases in the stomach, 1 case in the ovary and 1 case of neuroendocrine carcinomas. Fourteen masses were evaluated. Ultrasound findings showed that tumors were hypoechoic (14/14), irregular (13/14), indistinct margin (13/14), along a long axis parallel to the skin (11/14), lacked vascularity via color doppler flow imaging (9/14). Eight cases showed no posterior features. Calcification was found in 1 case of lung adenocarcinoma that had metastasized to the breast. Abnormal axillary lymph nodes were detected in 5 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were both negative in 11 cases, including gastric and lung cancer metastasis. One case of ovarian metastasis was positive for ER and negative for PR. Six patients were positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and negative for cytokeratin 20 (CK20), including lung and ovarian carcinoma metastasis. Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) was positive in 9 of 10 pulmonary carcinoma metastases. The patient of ovarian metastasis was positive for Wilms' tumour 1 (WT-1) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125). Two cases from gastric metastasis were positive for caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2).
conclusionAlthough breast ultrasound is not useful in distinguishing metastases from primary breast cancer, it is helpful in diagnosing breast lesions as oncological diseases and provide evidence for further examination of patients. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in distinguishing secondary breast cancer from primary, especially in patients without tumor history.
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