Trial reportSexually transmitted infections2021
Sexually transmitted infections among women randomised to depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, a copper intrauterine device or a levonorgestrel implant.
Trial report in Sexually transmitted infections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormonal contraception for women at risk of HIV infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Hormonal contraceptive use and the risk of sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systems analysis reveals differential expression of endocervical genes in African women randomized to DMPA-IM, LNG implant or cu-IUD.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Among African Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, a Copper Intrauterine Device, or a Levonorgestrel Implant for Contraception: A Nested Randomized Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Giving voice to the end-user: input on multipurpose prevention technologies from the perspectives of young women in Kenya and South Africa.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2021Trial
- Pathophysiological Consequences Associated with Hormonal Contraceptives Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.Open access journal of contraception · 2025Review
- Implementation preferences for the management of sexually transmitted infections in the South African health system: a discrete choice experiment.Sexually transmitted infections · 2024Article
- Awareness of Heightened Sexual and Behavioral Vulnerability as a Trigger for PrEP Resumption Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in East and Southern Africa.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Contraceptive effects on the cervicovaginal microbiome: Recent evidence including randomized trials.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2023Review
- Update on the Impact of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Vaginal Mucosal Endpoints and Relevance to Sexually Transmitted Infections.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya Demonstrate Rapid STI Incidence Following First Sex: Data From a Longitudinal Cohort.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- Editorial: Integration of HIV prevention with sexual and reproductive health services.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Recent Advances and New Challenges in Cisgender Women's Gynecologic and Obstetric Health in the Context of HIV.Clinical obstetrics and gynecology · 2021Review
- Prevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infection in Injectable Progestin Contraception Users in South Africa.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges to Ensure Advancement of the Most Promising MPTs.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesReproductive aged women are at risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Understanding drivers of STI acquisition, including any association with widely used contraceptives, could help us to reduce STI prevalence and comorbidities. We compared the risk of STI among women randomised to three contraceptive methods.
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis to assess the risk of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in a clinical trial evaluating HIV risk among 7829 women aged 16-35 randomised to intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), a copper intrauterine device (IUD) or a levonorgestrel (LNG) implant. We estimated chlamydia and gonorrhoea prevalences by contraceptive group and prevalence ratios (PR) using log-binomial regression.
resultsAt baseline, chlamydia and gonorrhoea prevalences were 18% and 5%, respectively. Final visit chlamydia prevalence did not differ significantly between DMPA-IM and copper IUD groups or between copper IUD and LNG implant groups. The DMPA-IM group had significantly lower risk of chlamydia compared with the LNG implant group (PR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.95). Final visit gonorrhoea prevalence differed significantly only between the DMPA-IM and the copper IUD groups (PR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.87).
conclusionsThe findings suggest that chlamydia and gonorrhoea risk may vary with contraceptive method use. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the mechanisms of chlamydia and gonorrhoea susceptibility in the context of contraceptive use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.