ArticleInternational immunopharmacology2021
Epicardial adipose tissue, inflammatory biomarkers and COVID-19: Is there a possible relationship?
Article in International immunopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of epicardial adipose tissue with the severity and adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Role of platelet-to-lymphocyte count ratio (PLR), as a prognostic indicator in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2021Pooled it
- The Role of Epicardial and Visceral Fat in Severe Respiratory Infections: Associations With Adverse Outcomes.Clinical obesity · 2026Observational
- Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio-A Real or Fake Bridge Between Inflammation and Coagulation in COVID-19 Patients: A Scoping Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Heart-guarding or heart-harming? The dual role of epicardial adipose tissue in cardiovascular health and disease.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Review
- The role of circulating biomarkers in predicting the 30-day mortality of immune checkpoint inhibitors-related myocarditis: a retrospective cohort study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Association of lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio with cerebral small vessel disease: a cross-sectional study based on dose-response analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The role of epicardial adipose tissue dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: an overview of pathophysiology, evaluation, and management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- COVID-19, obesity, and immune response 2 years after the pandemic: A timeline of scientific advances.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Review
- The Importance of the Assessment of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Scientific Research.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Cut-off point of CT-assessed epicardial adipose tissue volume for predicting worse clinical burden of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.Emergency radiology · 2022Article
- Review
- Evaluating Possible Mechanisms Linking Obesity to COVID-19: a Narrative Review.Obesity surgery · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Rapid prognostic stratification using Point of Care ultrasound in critically ill COVID patients: The role of epicardial fat thickness, myocardial injury and age.Journal of critical care · 2022Article
- Epicardial adipose tissue and severe Coronavirus Disease 19.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and Obesity: Role of Ectopic Visceral and Epicardial Adipose Tissues in Myocardial Injury.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsAdipose tissue is a biologically active organ with pro-immunogenic properties. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in COVID-19 and its correlation with other inflammatory biomarkers. MATERIAL AND
methodsOne-hundred patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were evaluated on admission. EAT volume and density were measured by computed tomography. Patients were followed until death or discharge. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed and ROC curve analysis was used to assess the ability of inflammatory markers in predicting survival. The relationship between EAT and other inflammatory markers was also investigated.
resultsThe mean ± SD age of patients was 55.5 ± 15.2 years old; 68% were male. Univariate analysis revealed that increased lung involvement, blood urea nitrogen, LDH and NLR, and decreased platelet count were significantly associated with death. After adjustment, LDH was independently predictive of death (OR = 1.013, p-value = 0.03). Among inflammatory markers, LCR had the best ability for predicting survival with 79.7% sensitivity and 64.3% specificity at an optimal cut-off value of 20.8 (AUC = 0.744, 95% CI = 0.612-0.876, p-value = 0.004). EAT volume demonstrated positive correlation with NLR and PLR (p = 0.001 and 0.01), and a negative correlation with LCR (p = 0.02). EAT density was significantly different between decedents and survivors (p = 0.008).
conclusionRoutine laboratory tests that represent status of inflammation can be used as cost-effective prognostic markers of COVID-19. Also, the significant association between EAT volume and other inflammatory biomarkers might explain the more severe disease in obese patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.