Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33208144›Full record

ArticleChiropractic & manual therapies2020

Misinformation, chiropractic, and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Iben Axén, Cecilia Bergström, Marc Bronson, Pierre Côté, Casper Glissmann Nim, Guillaume Goncalves, Jeffrey J Hébert, Joakim Axel Hertel, Stanley Innes, Ole Kristoffer Larsen and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Chiropractic & manual therapies, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Social media best practices for the spine care professional.North American Spine Society journal · 2025
    Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Pseudoscience and fraudulent products for COVID-19 management.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.

Iben AxénKarolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for worker health, Stockholm, Sweden. Iben.axen@ki.se.ORCID 0000-0001-5251-5995
Cecilia BergströmUmeå University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå, Sweden.
Marc BronsonEvidence Based Chiropractic Network, Private practice, Kirkland Lake, Ontario, Canada.
Pierre CôtéFaculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University and Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
Casper Glissmann NimSpinecentre of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Guillaume GoncalvesInstitut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, Ivry-sur-Seine, France.
Jeffrey J HébertFaculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
Joakim Axel HertelPrivate practice, Tønsberg, Norway.
Stanley InnesDiscipline of Psychology, Exercise Science, Counselling and Chiropractic, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Ole Kristoffer LarsenPrivate practice, Tønsberg, Norway.
Anne-Laure MeyerInstitut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, Ivry-sur-Seine, France.
Søren O'NeillSpinecentre of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Stephen M PerleCollege of Health Sciences, School of Chiropractic, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT, USA.
Kenneth A WeberStanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Kenneth J YoungUniversity of Central Lancashire, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Preston, UK.
Charlotte Leboeuf-YdeInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
University of Southern Denmark · DKBiowater Technology (Norway) · NOL’Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie · FRCentre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation · CAKarolinska Institutet · SEMurdoch University · AUStanford University · USUmeå University · SEUniversity of Bridgeport · USUniversity of Lancashire · GBUniversity of New Brunswick · CA

Funding

Neuroimaging-Based Brain and Spinal Cord Biomarkers for Cervical RadiculopathyK23NS104211 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI WEBER, KENNETH ARNOLD · 2018 to 2022
$875k
NINDS NIH HHS K23 NS104211NINDS NIH HHS L30 NS108301
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn March 2020, the World Health Organization elevated the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic to a pandemic and called for urgent and aggressive action worldwide. Public health experts have communicated clear and emphatic strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Hygiene rules and social distancing practices have been implemented by entire populations, including 'stay-at-home' orders in many countries. The long-term health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are not yet known. MAIN TEXT: During this time of crisis, some chiropractors made claims on social media that chiropractic treatment can prevent or impact COVID-19. The rationale for these claims is that spinal manipulation can impact the nervous system and thus improve immunity. These beliefs often stem from nineteenth-century chiropractic concepts. We are aware of no clinically relevant scientific evidence to support such statements. We explored the internet and social media to collect examples of misinformation from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand regarding the impact of chiropractic treatment on immune function. We discuss the potential harm resulting from these claims and explore the role of chiropractors, teaching institutions, accrediting agencies, and legislative bodies.

conclusionsMembers of the chiropractic profession share a collective responsibility to act in the best interests of patients and public health. We hope that all chiropractic stakeholders will view the COVID-19 pandemic as a call to action to eliminate the unethical and potentially dangerous claims made by chiropractors who practise outside the boundaries of scientific evidence.

Indexed as

DeceptionProfessional MisconductBetacoronavirusChiropracticCommunicationConsumer Health InformationCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19HumansManipulation, SpinalPandemicsPneumonia, ViralSARS-CoV-2ChiropractorsCovid-19DebateInfodemicProfessional traditionalismSpinal manipulation

Identifiers

PMID33208144
PMCPMC7672412
OpenAlexW3098220797

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.