Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Effects of Virtual Reality on Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs for Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exercise type and settings, quality of life, and mental health in coronary artery disease: a network meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2025Pooled it
- Non-Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Therapy Applied in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Virtual Reality and Cardiac Diseases: A Systematic Review of Applications and Effects.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Exergaming in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Compared to Conventional Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- A Body-Driven Mind: Effects of Conventional and Non-Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Physiotherapy on Cognitive Function in Older Orthopedic Patients.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness, acceptability, adherence, and safety of exergaming for depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Experiences of young adults with cardiovascular disease in using digital health: a protocol for a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis from the perspective of media affordances.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- A home-based VR exercise for improving depression and quality of life after heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- The Impact of Virtual Reality on Cardiopulmonary Function and Adherence in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Extended reality in cardiovascular care: a systematic review.European heart journal. Digital health · 2025Review
- Effects of a Home-Based Rehabilitation Exercise Program on Cardiorespiratory Performance in Community-Dwelling Adults Who Underwent Heart Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2025Article
- Factors That Influence Young Adults' Preferences for Virtual Reality Exergames in a Weight Control Setting: Qualitative Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- A New Player in the Game: Can Exergame Be of Support in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Development and feasibility assessment of a virtual reality-based aerobic exercise program with real-time pulse rate monitoring on hemodynamic and arterial stiffness in healthy people: a pilot study.Frontiers in digital health · 2024Article
- Areas of Research Focus and Trends in the Research on the Application of VR in Rehabilitation Medicine.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Rehabilitation Is the Main Topic in Virtual and Augmented Reality and Physical Activity Research: A Bibliometric Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Nursing Interventions and Care Strategies for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Galen medical journal · 2023Article
- Influence of Two Exercise Programs on Heart Rate Variability, Body Temperature, Central Nervous System Fatigue, and Cortical Arousal after a Heart Attack.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of a virtual reality (VR) program, as a complementary tool to a conventional cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in phase II of patients with ischemic heart disease compared to a conventional treatment group. (2) Methods: A single blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. The patients were randomized to a control group (CG) or an experimental group (EG). The EG carried out a training based on VR of aerobic exercise using the XBOX ONE console and Kinect sensor. Ergometry, metabolic equivalents (METS), Functional Independence Measure, 6-min walk test (6MWT), the Short Form Health Survey-36 Questionnaire (SF-36), the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the degree of satisfaction and adherence to treatment were used as outcome measures. (3) Results: Our results showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Statistical analysis within group for the EG showed statistically significant changes in the variables HR final ergometry, ergometry minutes, % ergometry, METS, final HR 6MWT, 6MWT distance, 6MWT number of laps, and for the SF-36 and Beck Depression Inventory-II. (4) Conclusion: A VR-based video game program, as an adjunct tool to a CR program, showed improvements in ergometry, METS, resistance to fatigue and health-related quality of life with excellent adherence and satisfaction perceived by patients with ischemic heart disease in phase II.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.