ArticlePhysics in medicine and biology2021
ROAD: ROtational direct Aperture optimization with a Decoupled ring-collimator for FLASH radiotherapy.
Article in Physics in medicine and biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The evolution of FLASH radiotherapy: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- FLASH Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer: Translational Mechanisms, Preclinical Evidence, and Barriers.Cureus · 2026Review
- Feasibility of prototype diamond detectors for pulsed UHDR PBS small-field proton dosimetry for proton FLASH experiments.Physics in medicine and biology · 2025Article
- Characterization of commercial detectors for absolute proton UHDR dosimetry on a compact clinical proton synchrocyclotron.Medical physics · 2025Article
- A methodology for optimizing treatment head angle arrangement for multi-angle FLASH intensity modulated radiation therapy platforms.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Feasibility study of high-power electron linac for clinical X-ray ROAD-FLASH therapy system.Frontiers in medical engineering · 2024Article
- Clinical Linear Accelerator-Based Electron FLASH: Pathway for Practical Translation to FLASH Clinical Trials.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2023Article
- Transformative Technology for FLASH Radiation Therapy.Applied sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dose and dose rate objectives in Bragg peak and shoot-through beam orientation optimization for FLASH proton therapy.Medical physics · 2022Article
- Development of Ultra-High Dose-Rate (FLASH) Particle Therapy.IEEE transactions on radiation and plasma medical sciences · 2022Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Ultra-high dose rate in radiotherapy (FLASH) has been shown to increase the therapeutic index with markedly reduced normal tissue toxicity and the same or better tumor cell killing. The challenge to achieve FLASH using x-rays, besides developing a high output linac, is to intensity-modulate the high-dose-rate x-rays so that the biological gain is not offset by the lack of physical dose conformity. In this study, we develop the ROtational direct Aperture optimization with a Decoupled ring-collimator (ROAD) to achieve simultaneous ultrafast delivery and complex dose modulation. The ROAD design includes a fast-rotating slip-ring linac and a decoupled collimator-ring with 75 pre-shaped multi-leaf-collimator (MLC) modules. The ring-source rotates at 1 rotation per second (rps) clockwise while the ring-collimator is either static or rotating at 1 rps counterclockwise, achieving 75 (ROAD-75) or 150 (ROAD-150) equal-angular beams for one full arc. The Direct Aperture Optimization (DAO) for ROAD was formulated to include a least-square dose fidelity, an anisotropic total variation term, and a single segment term. The FLASH dose (FD) and FLASH biological equivalent dose (FBED) were computed voxelwise, with the latter using a spatiotemporal model accounting for radiolytic oxygen depletion. ROAD was compared with clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) on a brain, a lung, a prostate, and a head and neck cancer patient. The mean dose rate of ROAD-75 and ROAD-150 are 76.2 Gy s
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