Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33207216›Full record

ReviewImmunity2020

Evolution and Diversity of Immune Responses during Acute HIV Infection.

Samuel W Kazer, Bruce D Walker, Alex K Shalek

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Neuroimmune Correlates of HIV and Marijuana Use: Peripheral Biomarkers and Cognitive Function.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026
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  5. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Samuel W KazerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: skazer@mit.edu.
Bruce D WalkerRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. Electronic address: bwalker@mgh.harvard.edu.
Alex K ShalekRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: shalek@mit.edu.
Broad Institute · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

Identification of neutralizing epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike for design of vaccines and small-molecule antiviralsUM1AI144462 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI BURTON, DENNIS R. · 2019 to 2025
$201.6M
Support Component D/Vaccine Discovery, Concept to ClinicUM1AI100663 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI AHMED, RAFI · 2012 to 2018
$131.5M
Pathogenesis of Clade C HIV InfectionR37AI067073 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WALKER, BRUCE D · 2011 to 2020
$6.6M
A systems biology approach to fingerprint HIV immune defense in Elite ControllersR01HL134539 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI YU, XU · 2016 to 2019
$3.3M
T cells in HCV/HIV co-infectionR01DA046277 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LAUER, GEORG MICHAEL · 2018 to 2022
$3.2M
Understanding and Reversing T Cell Dysfunction to Control and Eliminate Persistent HIV ReservoirsR01AI149704 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WALKER, BRUCE D · 2020 to 2024
$2.1M
An integrated multiplexed genomic assay for low input clinical samples1U24AI118672 · NIAID · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI SHALEK, ALEX K · 2015 to 2019
$2.0M
Identification of the HIV Reservoir in Lymph Nodes Using Single Cell RNA-SeqR01AI138546 · NIAID · KWAZULU-NATAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE TB-HIV · PI SIGAL, ALEXANDER · 2018 to 2022
$721k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL134539NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI138546NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI149704NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI067073NIAID NIH HHS U24 AI118672NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI100663NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI144462NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA046277
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the earliest immune responses following HIV infection is critical to inform future vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we review recent prospective human studies in at-risk populations that have provided insight into immune responses during acute infection, including additional relevant data from non-human primate (NHP) studies. We discuss the timing, nature, and function of the diverse immune responses induced, the onset of immune dysfunction, and the effects of early anti-retroviral therapy administration. Treatment at onset of viremia mitigates peripheral T and B cell dysfunction, limits seroconversion, and enhances cellular antiviral immunity despite persistence of infection in lymphoid tissues. We highlight pertinent areas for future investigation, and how application of high-throughput technologies, alongside targeted NHP studies, may elucidate immune response features to target in novel preventions and cures.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionImmunityAcute DiseaseAdaptive ImmunityAnimalsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveCD4 Lymphocyte CountCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCytokinesDisease ManagementHIVHIV InfectionsHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansImmunity, InnateInflammation MediatorsCytokinesInflammation Mediatorsacute infectionHIVhost-pathogenSIV

Identifiers

PMID33207216
PMCPMC8793001
OpenAlexW3105956431

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.