ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021
Impact of policy changes on the provision of naloxone by pharmacies in Ontario, Canada: a population-based time-series analysis.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Naloxone awareness and acquisition: Findings from the 2021‒2022 Canadian Postsecondary Education Alcohol and Drug Use Survey.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Impact of Ontario's Harmonized Heat Warning and Information System on emergency department visits for heat-related illness in Ontario, Canada: a population-based time series analysis.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2022Article
- Clinical outcomes and health care costs among people entering a safer opioid supply program in Ontario.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Article
- Impact of policy changes on the provision of naloxone by pharmacies in Ontario, Canada: a population-based time-series analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- An economic evaluation of community pharmacy-dispensed naloxone in Canada.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsIn June 2016, the Ontario, Canada government implemented the Ontario Naloxone Program for Pharmacies (ONPP), authorizing pharmacists to provide injectable naloxone kits at no charge to all Ontario residents. In March 2018, the program was amended to include intranasal naloxone and remove the requirement to present a government health card to the dispensing pharmacist. We examined whether these changes increased naloxone dispensing through the ONPP.
designPopulation-based time-series analysis using interventional autoregressive integrated moving average models.
settingOntario, Canada.
participantsAll Ontario residents between 1 July 2016 and 31 March 2020. MEASUREMENTS: Monthly rates of pharmacy naloxone dispensing.
findingsOverall, 199 484 individuals were dispensed a naloxone kit during the study period. In the main analysis, the rate of pharmacy naloxone dispensing increased by 65.1% following program changes (55.6-91.8 kits per 100 000 population between February 2018 and May 2018; P = 0.01). In subgroup analyses, naloxone dispensing increased among individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) (3374.9-7264.2 kits per 100 000 OAT recipients; P = 0.04) among individuals receiving other prescription opioids (192.8-381.8 kits per 100 000 population prescribed opioids; P < 0.01), among individuals with past opioid exposure (134.7-205.6 kits per 100 000 population with past opioid exposure; P < 0.01) and in urban centers (56.2-91.4 kits per 100 000 population; P < 0.01). We did not observe a clear impact on pharmacy-dispensed naloxone to individuals with no or unknown opioid exposure (34.4-39.3 kits per 100 000 population with no/unknown opioid exposure; P = 0.42) and in rural regions (50.4-97.2 kits per 100 000 population; P = 0.09).
conclusionsChanges to the Ontario Naloxone Program for Pharmacies to add intranasal naloxone and remove the requirement to present a government health card appeared to increase pharmacy-based naloxone dispensing uptake in Ontario, Canada, particularly among individuals at high risk of inadvertent opioid overdose.
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