ArticlePloS one2020
Race, explicit racial attitudes, implicit racial attitudes, and COVID-19 cases and deaths: An analysis of counties in the United States.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Constructing college students' musical cultural identity and self-confidence under cross-regional cultural integration: an integrative study based on cultural connections and multicultural experiences.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Advancing equity in healthcare systems: understanding implicit bias and infant mortality.BMC medical ethics · 2025Article
- Sexual harassment and implicit gender-career biases negatively impact women's life expectancy in the US: a state-level analysis, 2011-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Sick, Hungry, and Vulnerable: Federal Stimulus and Food Security on Marginalized Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- We still cannot breathe: Applying intersectional ecological model to COVID-19 survivorship.Rehabilitation psychology · 2023Review
- Anti-Black attitudes predict decreased concern about COVID-19 among Whites in the U.S. and Brazil.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- Actual Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality for the Non-Hispanic Black Compared to Non-Hispanic White Population in 353 US Counties and Their Association with Structural Racism.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Article
- Actual Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality for the Non-Hispanic Black Compared to Non-Hispanic White Population in 35 US States and Their Association with Structural Racism.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Article
- Bias among managers: Its prevalence across a decade and comparison across occupations.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in persons experiencing homelessness and shelter workers from a day-shelter in São Paulo, Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Temporal Geospatial Analysis of COVID-19 Pre-Infection Determinants of Risk in South Carolina.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Demographics, politics, and health factors predict mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Uncloaking a Lost Cause: Decolonizing ancestry estimation in the United States.American journal of physical anthropology · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and excess mortality in the United States: A county-level analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine the potential moderating effects of explicit racial attitudes and implicit racial attitudes on the relationship between percent of Black county residents and COVID-19 cases and deaths.
methodsWe collected data from a variety of publicly available sources for 817 counties in the US. (26% of all counties). Cumulative COVID-19 deaths and cases from January 22 to August 31, 2020 were the dependent variables; explicit racial attitudes and implicit racial attitudes served as the moderators; subjective poor or fair health, food insecurity, percent uninsured, percent unemployed, median family income, percent women, percent of Asian county resident, percent of Hispanic county residents, and percent of people 65 or older were controls.
resultsThe percent of Black county residents was positively associated with COVID-19 cases and deaths at the county level. The relationship between percent of Black residents and COVID-19 cases was moderated by explicit racial attitudes and implicit racial attitudes.
conclusionsImplicit racial attitudes can take on a shared property at the community level and effectively explain racial disparities. COVID-19 cases are highest when both the percent of Black county residents and implicit racial attitudes are high.
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