SynthesisPloS one2020
Factors associated with disease severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of hypertension and associated risks in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of meta-analyses with 1468 studies and 1,281,510 patients.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association of Lipid Levels With COVID-19 Infection, Disease Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Male Sex Is Associated With Worse Microbiological and Clinical Outcomes Following Tuberculosis Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study, a Systematic Review of the Literature, and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 in heart transplant recipients during February-August 2020: A systematic review.Clinical transplantation · 2021Pooled it
- Pre-existing health conditions and severe COVID-19 outcomes: an umbrella review approach and meta-analysis of global evidence.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce SARS-CoV2-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines Under High Glucose and Uremic Toxin Conditions.Stem cells and development · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Active pulmonary tuberculosis and coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Age-Dependent Relationships Between Disease Risk and Testosterone Levels: Relevance to COVID-19 Disease.American journal of men's healthPooled it
- PK/PD modeling links accelerated resolution of COVID-19-related clinical symptoms to SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction in patients following treatment with Bamlanivimab alone or Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab together.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Machine learning identifies clinical and sociodemographic factors contributing to post-COVID hospitalization and cardiovascular risk in patients with peripheral artery disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hyperglycemia in the diabetic range, but not previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, is an independent indicator of poor outcome in patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19.Acta diabetologica · 2025Observational
- Article
- Inflammatory biomarkers and adverse outcome in COVID-19: Prelude for future viral pandemics.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Article
- Immune Signatures Distinguish Pure and Mixed Sepsis in Critical COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Unveiling sub-populations in critical care settings: a real-world data approach in COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Lung involvement percentage in patients with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave in China: a SHAP-explained machine learning study from a single center.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the factors associated with disease severity and mortality in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is imperative to effectively triage patients. We performed a systematic review to determine the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological factors associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and WHO database for English language articles from inception until May 8, 2020. We included Observational studies with direct comparison of clinical characteristics between a) patients who died and those who survived or b) patients with severe disease and those without severe disease. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two authors independently.
resultsAmong 15680 articles from the literature search, 109 articles were included in the analysis. The risk of mortality was higher in patients with increasing age, male gender (RR 1.45, 95%CI 1.23-1.71), dyspnea (RR 2.55, 95%CI 1.88-2.46), diabetes (RR 1.59, 95%CI 1.41-1.78), hypertension (RR 1.90, 95%CI 1.69-2.15). Congestive heart failure (OR 4.76, 95%CI 1.34-16.97), hilar lymphadenopathy (OR 8.34, 95%CI 2.57-27.08), bilateral lung involvement (OR 4.86, 95%CI 3.19-7.39) and reticular pattern (OR 5.54, 95%CI 1.24-24.67) were associated with severe disease. Clinically relevant cut-offs for leukocytosis(>10.0 x109/L), lymphopenia(< 1.1 x109/L), elevated C-reactive protein(>100mg/L), LDH(>250U/L) and D-dimer(>1mg/L) had higher odds of severe disease and greater risk of mortality.
conclusionKnowledge of the factors associated of disease severity and mortality identified in our study may assist in clinical decision-making and critical-care resource allocation for patients with COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.