ArticlePloS one2020
Increased winter drownings in ice-covered regions with warmer winters.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ice-related winter drowning: an area for evidence-informed injury prevention.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Article
- A climate sensitive-health risk: A scoping review of environmental determinants of aquatic injury and mortality.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Small lakes are suffocating as winters warm.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Declining lake ice in response to climate change can impact spending for local communities.PloS one · 2024Article
- Earlier ice loss accelerates lake warming in the Northern Hemisphere.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Drowning risk and climate change: a state-of-the-art review.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2022Review
- The adaptation of the beyond cold water bootcamp course for Inuvialuit communities in Northwest Territories, Canada.International journal of circumpolar health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Winter activities on ice are culturally important for many countries, yet they constitute a high safety risk depending upon the stability of the ice. Because consistently cold periods are required to form stable and thick ice, warmer winters could degrade ice conditions and increase the likelihood of falling through the ice. This study provides the first large-scale assessment of winter drowning from 10 Northern Hemisphere countries. We documented over 4000 winter drowning events. Winter drownings increased exponentially in regions with warmer winters when air temperatures neared 0°C. The largest number of drownings occurred when winter air temperatures were between -5°C and 0°C, when ice is less stable, and also in regions where indigenous traditions and livelihood require extended time on ice. Rates of drowning were greatest late in the winter season when ice stability declines. Children and adults up to the age of 39 were at the highest risk of winter drownings. Beyond temperature, differences in cultures, regulations, and human behaviours can be important additional risk factors. Our findings indicate the potential for increased human mortality with warmer winter air temperatures. Incorporating drowning prevention plans would improve adaptation strategies to a changing climate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.