ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2020
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Use and Blood Lead Levels in a Cohort of Young Women.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Estrogen-containing contraceptive use and blood lead concentrations in a cohort of premenopausal individuals.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Women's bone health trajectories from pregnancy to postpartum: Associations with bone-seeking metal exposure mixtures during pregnancy.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2025Article
- A prospective study of a whole blood metal mixture and depressive symptoms among Black women from Detroit, Michigan.Neurotoxicology · 2025Article
- A Prospective Ultrasound Study of Whole Blood Metals and Incidence of Uterine Leiomyomata.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia, including secondary forms, and selection of second-line treatment.Haematologica · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInjectable contraceptive use is common, with 74 million users worldwide. Use of the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is associated with bone mineral density loss. We hypothesize that increased bone resorption with DMPA use allows for mobilization of the toxic metal lead stored in bone to blood, presenting users with increased systemic exposure to lead.
objectiveThe objective of our study was to investigate the association between current DMPA use and blood lead concentrations.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis using enrollment data from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle & Fibroids (SELF), a cohort of 1,693 African-American women who were 23-35 years of age. Data on DMPA use were collected by computer-assisted telephone interview. Blood lead concentrations were measured in whole blood samples among 1,548 participants (91% of cohort). We estimated the adjusted percent difference in blood lead concentrations and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between current DMPA users and nonusers using multivariable linear regression.
resultsGeometric mean blood lead concentration was DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that current DMPA use is associated with increased blood lead concentrations. Further research, particularly in populations highly exposed to lead, is warranted to consider tradeoffs between the adverse effects of lead on human health and the importance of DMPA as a contraceptive option to prevent unintended pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7017.
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