SynthesisActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)2021
Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19.
Synthesis in Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 176 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
176 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 354 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Persistent Clinical Features After SARS-CoV-2 in the Pediatric Population.Pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- What are the long-term holistic health consequences of COVID-19 among survivors? An umbrella systematic review.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and clinical presentation of long COVID in children: a systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst children and young people: A meta-analysis of controlled and uncontrolled studies.The Journal of infection · 2022Pooled it
- [Guideline S1: Long COVID: Diagnostics and treatment strategies].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2021Guideline
- Risk of infection and contribution to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in school staff: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of internal medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)-A Systemic Review and Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Symptomatology.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2021Pooled it
- The occurrence of long COVID: a rapid review.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Persistent Symptoms at the Post-viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of the Current Data.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Thinking of future as an older individual increases perceived risks for age-related diseases but not for COVID-19.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2022Trial
- Management of long COVID-19 in children and adolescents: from diagnosis to therapeutically approaches.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- The Burden of Long-COVID-19 Among Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Experiences of stigma in children with long COVID.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Clinical symptom score and risk factors for predicting post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children hospitalized with COVID-19 in Taiwan.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Experiences of living with long COVID during childhood and adolescence: a qualitative study from the child's perspective.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of POCOKIDS-Q-A Questionnaire to Assess Post COVID-19 Symptoms in Children.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimPersistent symptoms in adults after COVID-19 are emerging and the term long COVID is increasingly appearing in the literature. However, paediatric data are scarce.
methodsThis paper contains a case report of five Swedish children and the long-term symptoms reported by their parents. It also includes a systematic literature review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases and the medRxiv/bioRxiv pre-print servers up to 2 November 2020.
resultsThe five children with potential long COVID had a median age of 12 years (range 9-15) and four were girls. They had symptoms for 6-8 months after their clinical diagnoses of COVID-19. None were hospitalised at diagnosis, but one was later admitted for peri-myocarditis. All five children had fatigue, dyspnoea, heart palpitations or chest pain, and four had headaches, difficulties concentrating, muscle weakness, dizziness and sore throats. Some had improved after 6-8 months, but they all suffered from fatigue and none had fully returned to school. The systematic review identified 179 publications and 19 of these were deemed relevant and read in detail. None contained any information on long COVID in children.
conclusionChildren may experience similar long COVID symptoms to adults and females may be more affected.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.