ArticleiScience2020
Interleukin-34 Limits the Therapeutic Effects of Immune Checkpoint Blockade.
Article in iScience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage Plasticity in Cancer Therapy: Function, Timing, and Tradeoffs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Harnessing myeloid cell plasticity for cancer therapy.Nature cancer · 2026Review
- Progress in Designing Cytokine Antagonist Antibodies for Cancer Therapy.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Targeting the IL34-CSF1R axis improves metastatic renal cell carcinoma therapy outcome via immune-vascular crosstalk regulation.iScience · 2025Article
- Role of IL-34 in Tumors and Its Application to Regulate Inflammation.Cancer science · 2025Review
- New soluble CSF-1R-dimeric mutein with enhanced trapping of both CSF-1 and IL-34 reduces suppressive tumor-associated macrophages in pleural mesothelioma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Humanized Mouse Models for Immuno-Oncology Research: A Review and Implications in Lung Cancer Research.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Review
- Amelioration of liver fibrosis with autologous macrophages induced by IL-34-based condition.Inflammation and regeneration · 2025Article
- AKAP12 positive fibroblast determines immunosuppressive contexture and immunotherapy response in patients with TNBC by promoting macrophage M2 polarization.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Patient-derived organoids of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for subtype determination and clinical outcome prediction.Journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Blocking of oestrogen signals improves anti-tumour effect regardless of oestrogen receptor alpha expression in cancer cells.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Tumor-derived interleukin-34 creates an immunosuppressive and chemoresistant tumor microenvironment by modulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in triple-negative breast cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Targeted Therapy of Interleukin-34 as a Promising Approach to Overcome Cancer Therapy Resistance.Cancers · 2023Review
- A mechanism of IL-34-induced resistance against cytotoxic anti-cancer therapies such as radiation by X-ray and chemotherapy by Oxaliplatin.Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
- IL-34 and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Resistant through Macrophages: Pan-Cancer Overview.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Interleukin-34 and immune checkpoint inhibitors: Unified weapons against cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts: The chief architect in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- IL-34 in hepatoblastoma cells potentially promote tumor progression via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- Targeting IL-34/MCSF-1R Axis in Colon Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The iron-modulating hormone hepcidin is upregulated and associated with poor survival outcomes in renal clear cell carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is an alternative ligand to colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) for the CSF-1 receptor that acts as a key regulator of monocyte/macrophage lineage. In this study, we show that tumor-derived IL-34 mediates resistance to immune checkpoint blockade regardless of CSF-1 existence in various murine cancer models. Consistent with its immunosuppressive characteristics, the expression of IL-34 in tumors correlates with decreased frequencies of cellular (such as CD8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.