Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33204033›Full record

ArticleSpinal cord2022

Theoretical and practical training improves knowledge of the examination guidelines of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury.

Steffen Franz, Laura Heutehaus, Sina Weinand, Norbert Weidner, Rüdiger Rupp, Christian Schuld

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Spinal cord, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. ShuffleLeNet architecture for spinal cord injury classification and level detection.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Steffen FranzSpinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany. steffen.franz@med.uni-heidelberg.de.ORCID 0000-0002-7707-2497
Laura HeutehausSpinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
Sina WeinandSpinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
Norbert WeidnerSpinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
Rüdiger RuppSpinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3873-1023
Christian SchuldSpinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

designProspective pre-post study.

objectivesInternational Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) represents the most frequently used assessment to determine the level and severity of a spinal cord injury (SCI). The guidelines for ISNCSCI are complex and challenging. Knowledge of its correct execution needs to be imparted precisely. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hands-on instructional courses can increase the knowledge of the ISNCSCI examination guidelines.

settingEuropean Multicenter Study about SCI.

methodsBefore and after the instructional courses, participants were asked to complete questionnaires. The set of questions covered the most important aspects of the examination guidelines. Attendees were asked to self-rate their occupation and experience in ISNCSCI.

resultsThe comparison of pretest and posttest results of 164 attendees from 2014 to 2018 revealed an improvement of knowledge reflected by an increase of correct answers from 66 ± 17% before to 89 ± 11% after the course (p < 0.01). The improvement was not associated with occupation (p > 0.1). However, the correctness of pretest results differed concerning both the period of experience with ISNCSCI (p < 0.05) and the course language (p < 0.01), while the frequency of execution resulted in differences in the posttest (p = 0.01).

conclusionsInstructional courses substantially improve knowledge of the ISNCSCI examination guidelines. Differences in knowledge present before the course leveled off after the course. Comprehensive theoretical training is strongly recommended to ensure reliability and validity of ISNCSCI examinations in clinical routine and research. Albeit being practiced in the instructional courses, the benefit of hands-on training still needs to be systematically evaluated in future studies.

Indexed as

Spinal Cord InjuriesHumansNeurologic ExaminationProspective StudiesReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID33204033
PMCPMC8737333

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.