ArticlemBio2020
The TLR3/IRF1/Type III IFN Axis Facilitates Antiviral Responses against Enterovirus Infections in the Intestine.
Article in mBio, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Essential role of hsa-miR-203a-3p in type I interferons immune homeostasis during influenza and NDV infection.RNA biology · 2026Article
- In silico design and immunogenicity evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine against EV-A71.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- Dysfunction of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells in enterovirus 71-induced HFMD affecting children.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- The APC/C subunit APC7 exerts antiviral effects by targeting the adaptor protein MAVS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CBX4 facilitates EV71 replication by SUMOylation and stabilizing 3D polymerase.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Mucosal Immunity: The Key to Combating Enteroviruses and Beyond.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Animal models for enterovirus 71: Mechanisms, immunity, and applications.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- A human intestinal organoid derived from fetal human colon cells model for studying enteroviral pathogenesis.Virulence · 2025Article
- Review
- Establishment of disseminated neonatal echovirus 11 infection model in hFcRn transgenic mice.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Article
- CombinedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- AI-driven multi-omics modeling of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Enteroviruses Activate Cellular Innate Immune Responses Prior to Adaptive Immunity and Tropism Contributes to Severe Viral Pathogenesis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- BioMapAI: Artificial Intelligence Multi-Omics Modeling of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- The endothelial-immunothrombotic storm in viral sepsis: lessons from COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enteroviruses infect gastrointestinal epithelium cells, cause multiple human diseases, and present public health risks worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying host immune responses in intestinal mucosa against the early enterovirus infections remain elusive. Here, we showed that human enteroviruses including enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), and poliovirus 1 (PV1) predominantly induce type III interferons (IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2/3), rather than type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β), in cultured human normal and cancerous intestine epithelial cells (IECs), mouse intestine tissues, and human clinical intestine specimens. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that IFN-λ production is induced upon enterovirus infection through the Toll-like receptor 3/interferon regulatory factor 1 (TLR3/IRF1) signaling pathway in IECs. In turn, the supplementation of IFN-λ subsequently induces intrinsically antiviral responses against enterovirus replication. Notably, intraperitoneal injection in neonatal C57BL/6J mice with mouse recombinant IFN-λ2 protein represses EV71 replication and protects mice from viral lethal effects. Altogether, these results revealed a distinct mechanism by which the host elicited immune responses against enterovirus infections in intestine through activating the TLR3/IRF1/type III IFN axis. The new findings would provide an antiviral strategy for the prevention and treatment of enterovirus infections and associated diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.