ArticleDiabetes care2021
Plasma Vitamin C and Type 2 Diabetes: Genome-Wide Association Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in European Populations.
Article in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diet-derived circulating antioxidants and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Lifestyle factors, serum parameters, metabolic comorbidities, and the risk of kidney stones: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Genetic liability to multiple factors and uterine leiomyoma risk: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Circulating vitamin C concentration and risk of cancers: a Mendelian randomization study.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Obesity, Lifestyle Habits and Nutrients in Relation to Oral Ulcers: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- The associations of plasma carotenoids andThe British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Differential modulation of gestational immunity by fatty acids: tissue-specific immune remodeling and clinical implications.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Article
- Plasma Vitamin C Levels in Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Breast Tumors and Clinical Correlates in Chinese Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Article
- Association of Vitamins and Minerals with Type 1 Diabetes Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Exploring the causal relationship between hemoglobin and pancreatic cancer and its potential mechanisms through bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Bidirectional Causal Associations Between Endogenous/Exogenous Antioxidant Levels and Risks of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Three Complications.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Causal Relationship Between Various Vitamins and Different Diabetic Complications: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- The role of serum vitamins in mediating the effect of neurodegenerative diseases on subcortical brain volume.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Genetic evidence of the causal relationship between serum micronutrients and Graves' disease: A Mendelian randomization and cross-sectional observational study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- Mapping the role of macro and micronutrients in bone mineral density: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Causal Effects of Circulating Micronutrients on Cognitive Function: Evidence From a Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The physiological functions of ascorbate in the development of cancer.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- A Mendelian randomized study of circulating antioxidants in the diet and risk of cardiovascular disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dietary factors and the risk of gastric and colorectal cancers: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Vitamin C: From Self-Sufficiency to Dietary Dependence in the Framework of Its Biological Functions and Medical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
42 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveHigher plasma vitamin C levels are associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk, but whether this association is causal is uncertain. To investigate this, we studied the association of genetically predicted plasma vitamin C with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe conducted genome-wide association studies of plasma vitamin C among 52,018 individuals of European ancestry to discover novel genetic variants. We performed Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the association of genetically predicted differences in plasma vitamin C with type 2 diabetes in up to 80,983 case participants and 842,909 noncase participants. We compared this estimate with the observational association between plasma vitamin C and incident type 2 diabetes, including 8,133 case participants and 11,073 noncase participants.
resultsWe identified 11 genomic regions associated with plasma vitamin C (
conclusionsThese findings indicate discordance between biochemically measured and genetically predicted plasma vitamin C levels in the association with type 2 diabetes among European populations. The null Mendelian randomization findings provide no strong evidence to suggest the use of vitamin C supplementation for type 2 diabetes prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.