SynthesisThe journal of pain2021
II. Indices of Pain Intensity Derived From Ecological Momentary Assessments and Their Relationships With Patient Functioning: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The journal of pain, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shedding light on pain management: a translational systematic review of light therapy for the treatment of chronic pain.EBioMedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Circadian rhythmicity and biopsychosocial characteristics influence opioid use in chronic low back pain.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Trial
- Disease-Related Factors Associated with Acupuncture Response in Patients with Chronic Tension-Type Headache: A Secondary Analysis of A Randomized Controlled Trial.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024Trial
- III. Detecting Treatment Effects in Clinical Trials With Different Indices of Pain Intensity Derived From Ecological Momentary Assessment.The journal of pain · 2021Trial
- Emotion regulation variability and chronic pain: An ecological momentary assessment study.Behaviour research and therapy · 2026Article
- Ecological Momentary Assessments of daily pain experiences in bothersome and high-impact chronic pain.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Patterns and predictors of variability in patient-generated daily pain severity collected via a mobile health smartphone app.PloS one · 2026Article
- Multidomain postoperative recovery trajectories after lumbar and thoracolumbar spine surgery.The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · 2025Observational
- Impact of intraindividual pain variability on functional pain outcomes among adults with chronic pain: an ecological momentary assessment study.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- I'm all over the place: complex symptom variability and within-day patterns among youth with chronic pain.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Development and preliminary testing of a comprehensive Ecological Momentary Assessment of people with chronic pain.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- Article
- Understanding the biopsychosocial knee osteoarthritis pain experience: an ecological momentary assessment.Pain reports · 2024Article
- Longitudinal multisite study of the chronobiological control of chronic pain: the CircaHealth CircaPain study protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Developing Early Markers of Cognitive Decline and Dementia Derived From Survey Response Behaviors: Protocol for Analyses of Preexisting Large-scale Longitudinal Data.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Data visualization as an intervention for pediatric chronic pain: a pilot feasibility study protocol for a randomized controlled crossover trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pain intensity is a complex and dynamic experience. A focus on assessing patients' average pain levels may miss important aspects of pain that impact functioning in daily life. In this second of 3 articles investigating alternative indices of pain intensity derived from Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA), we examine the indices' associations with physical and psychosocial functioning. EMA data from 10 studies (2,660 patients) were reanalyzed to construct indices of Average Pain, Maximum Pain, Minimum Pain, Pain Variability, Time in High Pain, Time in Low Pain, Pain after Wake-up. Three sets of individual patient data meta-analyses examined 1) the test-retest reliability of the pain indices, 2) their convergent validity in relation to physical functioning, fatigue, depression, mental health, and social functioning, and 3) the incremental validity of alternative indices above Average Pain. Reliabilities approaching or exceeding a level of .7 were observed for all indices, and most correlated significantly with all functioning domains, with small to medium effect sizes. Controlling for Average Pain, Maximum Pain and Pain Variability uniquely predicted all functioning measures, and Time in High Pain predicted physical and social functioning. We suggest that alternative pain indices can provide new perspectives for understanding functioning in chronic pain. PERSPECTIVE: Alternative summary measures of pain intensity derived from EMA have the potential to help better understand patients' pain experience. Utilizing EMA for the assessment of Maximum Pain, Pain Variability, and Time in High Pain may provide an enhanced window into the relationships between pain and patients' physical and psychosocial functioning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.