ReviewClinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)2021
An enlightening role for cytokine storm in coronavirus infection.
Review in Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mortality risk factors of COVID-19 infection in kidney transplantation recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohorts and clinical registries.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia associated with COVID-19: a case report and systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Drug Repurposing as a Broad-Spectrum Strategy Against Coronaviruses: Frontiers in Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- Chemokines as potential biomarkers for predicting the course of COVID-19 - a review of the literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Wastewater pandemic preparedness: Toward an end-to-end pathogen monitoring program.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Associations between Periodontitis, COVID-19, and Cardiometabolic Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence.Metabolites · 2022Review
- Distinct Molecular Mechanisms Characterizing Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Significance of interferon signaling based on mRNA-microRNA integration and plasma protein analyses in critically ill COVID-19 patients.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
- Social Determinants of Health Factors for Gene-Environment COVID-19 Research: Challenges and Opportunities.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Article
- The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on modulating innate immunity and strategies of combating inflammatory response for COVID-19 therapy.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Review
- Neurological toll of COVID-19.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Review
- The molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 evading host antiviral innate immunity.Virology journal · 2022Review
- The role of microRNAs in solving COVID-19 puzzle from infection to therapeutics: A mini-review.Virus research · 2022Review
- Acute Bacterial Hemorrhagic Pyelonephritis in a COVID-19 Patient With a History of Hypothyroidism: A Case Report.Cureus · 2022Article
- Low Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation Predicts Worse Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The effect of vitamin D, magnesium and zinc supplements on interferon signaling pathways and their relationship to control SARS-CoV-2 infection.Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA · 2021Review
- Analysis of the Role of N-Linked Glycosylation in Cell Surface Expression, Function, and Binding Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- The role of T-cell immunity in COVID-19 severity amongst people living with type II diabetes.The FEBS journal · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has dispersed rapidly worldwide. Although most patients present with mild fever, cough with varying pulmonary shadows, a significant portion still develops severe respiratory dysfunction. And these severe cases are often associated with manifestations outside the respiratory tract. Currently, it is not difficult to find inflammatory cytokines upregulated in the blood of infected patients. However, some complications in addition to respiratory system with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are impossible to explain or cannot be attributed to virus itself. Thus excessive cytokines and their potentially fatal adverse effects are probably the answer to the multiple organ dysfunctions and growing mortality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying cytokine storm, summarizes its pathophysiology and improves understanding of cytokine storm associated with coronavirus infections by comparing SARS-CoV-2 with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.