ArticlePublic health nutrition2021
Food advertising during children's television programmes in Italy.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- The nature and frequency of food and beverage marketing on Kenyan national television: a mixed-method analysis of food advertisements, parent and children's perspectives.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Children's exposure to television advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages across four countries of WHO European Region.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Digital Marketing and Fast-Food Intake in the UAE: The Role of Firm-Generated Content among Adult Consumers.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sex differences in children's exposure to food and beverage advertisements on broadcast television in four cities in Canada.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePrevious studies from European countries noted that food products promoted on TV for children did not comply with international guidelines, including the World Health Organization European Nutrient Profile Model (WHO-ENPM) and the EU Pledge Nutrition Criteria (EU-PNC, an initiative developed by leading food companies). We aim to provide new data from Italy.
designEvaluation of Italian TV advertisements. Data on nutritional values for food product advertised were compared with nutritional standards issued by the WHO-ENPM and the EU-PNC.
settingIn total, 180 h of TV programmes from six Italian channels, 2016-2017.
participantsEight hundred and ten consecutive advertisements during children's programmes.
resultsOut of 810 advertisements, 90 (11·1 %) referred to food products. Among these, 84·5 % of the foods promoted did not meet the WHO-ENPM and 55·6 % the EU-PNC guidelines. Advertisements promoting sweet and salty snacks (i.e. ≥ 70 % of all foods) v. other food products showed higher non-compliance with both the WHO-ENPM (OR: 73·8; 95 % CI: 4·09, 1330) and the EU-PNC (OR: 9·21; 95 % CI: 2·82, 30·1).
conclusionsIn Italy, most food advertisements during children's programmes are not compliant with European nutritional standards. Almost all the advertisements for snacks do not meet international guidelines. As the WHO-ENPM guidelines do not propose standards for all the food products, including meals, there is an urgent need to define independent and easy-to-read guidelines for food advertisements targeting children. As a first step towards the complete ban of food advertisements targeting children recommended by other researchers, these guidelines should be enforced by all the TV broadcasts.
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