Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33203374›Full record

ArticleBMC dermatology2020

Antibiotic resistant Cutibacterium acnes among acne patients in Jordan: a cross sectional study.

Eman Alkhawaja, Saleem Hammadi, Medhat Abdelmalek, Naser Mahasneh, Bayan Alkhawaja, Suzanne M Abdelmalek

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC dermatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Antibiotic resistance rates inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Substrate Specificity and Immunological Implications ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Emerging antimicrobial resistance amongJournal of family medicine and primary care · 2026
    Article
  8. Characterisation of the NovelInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Microorganisms · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. The skin microbiome in dermatologic disease.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Observational
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Clindamycin: A Comprehensive Status Report with Emphasis on Use in Dermatology.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Eman AlkhawajaDepartment of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan.
Saleem HammadiDepartment of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan.
Medhat AbdelmalekConsultant Dermatologist, private clinic, Amman, Jordan.
Naser MahasnehDepartment of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University, Amman, Jordan.
Bayan AlkhawajaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan.
Suzanne M AbdelmalekDepartment of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan. sabdelmalek@uop.edu.jo.ORCID 0000-0001-5401-6532
Petra University · JOJordan Hospital · JOUniversity of Jordan · JO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntibiotics have been used for decades against Cutibacterium acnes (previously known as Propionibacterium acnes; C. acnes). Alarmingly, antibiotic resistance to this bacterium has become a worldwide problem in recent years. No studies are available on the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of C. acnes among Jordanian acne patients and how that is influenced by antibiotic use. This study aims to assess antibiotic resistance patterns of C. acnes clinical isolates and neighboring Gram-positive normal flora of the skin obtained from acne patients attending dermatology clinics in Amman -Jordan appraising the role of antibiotic consumption.

methodsThis is a cross-sectional study of acne patients presenting to selected dermatology outpatient clinics over a 6-month study period. Swabs obtained from inflamed lesions were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Isolates were identified and screened for antibiotic susceptibility. In addition, all patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire that included questions about the history of antibiotic treatment.

resultsC. acnes was isolated from lesions of 100 patients out of 115 participants included in this study. 73% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 59% to clindamycin 37% to doxycycline, 36% to tetracycline, 31% to trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, 15% to levofloxacin, and 3% to minocycline. Multi drug resistance (MDR) in C. acnes isolates as well as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) with a similar pattern of resistance were detected from the same patient in most cases. A pattern of higher resistance towards variable antibiotic was observed in patients previously treated with antibiotics for acne management.

conclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate the distribution of antibiotic resistance of C. acnes towards used antibiotics and emphasizes the influence of antibiotic consumption on development of antibiotic resistance. The similar pattern of resistance between skin bacteria tested in this study highlights the genetic transfer of resistance between skin commensals including S. aureus and S. epidermidis hence promoting its circulation in the community.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialAcne VulgarisAdolescentAnti-Bacterial AgentsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansJordanMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPrevalencePropionibacterium acnesSkinStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus epidermidisYoung AdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsAcneAntibiotic resistance patternsCutibacterium acnesMDRMisuse of antibiotics

Identifiers

PMID33203374
PMCPMC7673087
OpenAlexW3098142113

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.