ReviewMicroorganisms2020
The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Retroviral Infection.
Review in Microorganisms, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expression of Toll-like Receptors and Chemokine Receptors in the Early and Advanced Stages of HIV Infection Aggravated byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cutaneous-Tropism Viruses: Unraveling Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Immunoprophylactic Strategies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Learning from nature: HIV elite controllers as blueprints for a functional cure.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Gonadocorticoids Have Different Effects on the Expression of Toll-like Receptors When Infected with Various HIV-1 Subtypes.Viruses · 2025Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- Immunoinformatics study of CD40 ligand-targeting vaccine constructs: a novel immunotherapeutic approach.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- The role of genetic diversity, epigenetic regulation, and sex-based differences in HIV cure research: a comprehensive review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2025Review
- Article
- AI discovery of TLR agonist-driven phenotypes reveals unique features of peripheral cells from healthy donors and ART-suppressed people living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Role of Type I Interferons duringBiomolecules · 2024Review
- Sensing of an HIV-1-Derived Single-Stranded RNA-Oligonucleotide Induces Arginase 1-Mediated Tolerance.Cells · 2024Article
- In silico designing of novel epitope-based peptide vaccines against HIV-1.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- A Multi-epitope Vaccine Candidate Against Bolivian Hemorrhagic fever Caused by Machupo Virus.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Understanding the link between neurotropic viruses, BBB permeability, and MS pathogenesis.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Review
- Human genital dendritic cell heterogeneity confers differential rapid response to HIV-1 exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV.Journal of immunology research · 2024Article
- MiR-155 Negatively Regulates Anti-Viral Innate Responses among HIV-Infected Progressors.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of Toll-Like Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Tuberculosis in HIV-Positive Participants.Epigenomes · 2023Article
- Female Sex Hormones Upregulate the Replication Activity of HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6 and CRF02_AG but Not HIV-1 Subtype B.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pathogen sensing receptors that respond to diverse microbial ligands, and trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Since their discovery, a growing body of evidence has pointed to an important role for TLRs in retroviral infection and pathogenesis. These data suggest that multiple TLRs contribute to the anti-retroviral response, and that TLR engagement by retroviruses can have complex and divergent outcomes for infection. Despite this progress, numerous questions remain about the role of TLRs in retroviral infection. In this review, I summarize existing evidence for TLR-retrovirus interactions and the functional roles these receptors play in immunity and pathogenesis, with particular focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.