ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2021
Serum progesterone and retinopathy in male patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic retinopathy: why some eyes suffer more - a focus on retina-specific risk factors and metabolic memory.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Risk factors for pupil changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy and cataract after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Association Between Hormone Levels and Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Role of Gonadal Steroid Hormones in the Eye: Therapeutic Implications.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Recent updates in factors associated with incidence and screening of diabetic eye disease.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2023Article
- Progesterone levels associated with proteinuria in male diabetes mellitus patients: A cross-sectional retrospective study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2023Article
- Serum progesterone and retinopathy in male patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
AIMS/
introductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum progesterone (P) and retinopathy in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to investigate whether P is associated with its progression. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 1,376 male participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University (Qingdao, China). Through logistic regression analysis after adjusting the potential confounding variation, the odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval related to the quartiles of progesterone were obtained.
resultsAccording to the quartiles of P levels, the prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the last quartile is obviously greater to other quartiles (52.5-34.9%, 31.9%, 37.5%, P < 0.001). Compared with those in the first quartile, the prevalence of DR for the last quartile had an OR of 1.85 in the non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group, while the OR was 8.35 in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (P < 0.001, unadjusted model). When adjusted for age, body mass index, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure and other variables, the ORs for DR in the fourth quartile were 2.13 (95% confidence interval 1.49-3.06) in the non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group and 8.44 (95% confidence interval 2.69-26.43) in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (P < 0.001). The positive association between P and DR risk was independent in adjusted logistic regression.
conclusionsHigh levels of serum progesterone are significantly associated with DR in male hospitalized patients. This could mean that a higher P level in men is a potential clinical factor to identify DR, and the causality remains to be further explored.
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